Inheritance, variation and evolution

• What is adult cell cloning?

  A type of cloning from an adult body cell
• What is an allele?

  A version of a gene
• What are Archaea?

  Primitive bacteria existing in extreme environments
• What is asexual reproduction?

  A form of reproduction involving a single parent
• What does the binomial system do?

  Names organisms using genus and species
• Who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection?

  Charles Darwin
• What is a chromosome?

  A long, coiled molecule of DNA
• What is classification in biology?

  Organising organisms into groups based on characteristics
• What is coding DNA?

  A sequence of DNA that codes for proteins
• What does complementary mean in DNA?

  How chemical bases pair up in DNA
• What are cuttings in plant cloning?

  A method where a branch is replanted
• What is cystic fibrosis?

  A cellular membrane disorder from a recessive allele
• What is DNA?

  A double-stranded polymer forming a double helix
• What does dominant mean in genetics?

  An allele that is always expressed
• What is embryo screening?

  A procedure to check for faulty genes in embryos
• What are embryo transplants?

  A method of animal cloning using embryo cells
• What is evolution?

  The gradual change in inherited traits over time
• What is an evolutionary tree?

  A diagram illustrating evolutionary relationships
• What is extinction?

  The death of all members of a species
• What is a family tree?

  A chart showing inheritance of a condition
• What is fertilisation?

  The fusion of male and female gametes
• What is a fossil?

  Remains of dead organisms found in rocks
• What are gametes?

  Sex cells with half the usual chromosomes
• What is a gene?

  A section of DNA coding for amino acids
• What is genetic engineering?

  Modification of an organism's genome
• What is a genome?

  The complete genetic material of an organism
• What is a genotype?

  An organism’s genetic composition
• What are GM crops?

  Crops with modified genomes for benefits
• What does heterozygous mean?

  Having two different alleles of a gene
• What does homozygous mean?

  Having two identical alleles of a gene
• What is inbreeding?

  Breeding of closely related individuals
• What is the Linnaean system?

  Classification of organisms into hierarchical groups
• What is meiosis?

  A form of cell division producing gametes
• What is mitosis?

  A form of cell division producing identical daughter cells
• What is a mutation?

  A random change in DNA causing variants
• What is natural selection?

  Process where advantageous traits increase in frequency
• What is non-coding DNA?

  DNA that does not code for a protein
• What is a nucleotide?

  The monomer of DNA with sugar and bases
• What is a phenotype?

  An organism’s observable characteristics
• What is polydactyly?

  A condition with extra fingers or toes