Combustion of Alkanes

Cards (29)

  • What are many alkanes separated from crude oil used for?
    They are used as fuels
  • Why is the combustion of alkanes considered highly exothermic?
    It releases a large amount of energy
  • What is the percentage composition of nitrogen in the atmosphere?
    78%
  • What is the percentage composition of oxygen in the atmosphere?
    21%
  • What occurs during complete combustion of alkanes?
    They burn in excess oxygen to produce CO₂ and H₂O
  • What are the products of complete combustion of alkanes?
    • Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
    • Water (H₂O)
  • Write the balanced equation for the complete combustion of octane (C₈H₁₈).
    C₈H₁₈ + 12.5O₂8CO₂ + 9H₂O
  • What are the products of incomplete combustion of alkanes?
    CO, H₂O, and soot
  • What is the environmental impact of carbon soot?
    It causes global dimming and cooling
  • What is carbon monoxide and why is it dangerous?
    It is a toxic, odorless gas that can cause death
  • How does sulfur dioxide form during combustion?
    From sulfur-containing impurities in fuels
  • Write the balanced equation for the combustion of methanethiol (CH₃SH).
    CH₃SH + 3O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O + SO₂
  • What is the main environmental issue caused by sulfur dioxide?
    It contributes to acid rain
  • What is flue gas desulfurization?
    A method to remove SO₂ from waste gases
  • Write the neutralization reaction for removing sulfur dioxide using calcium oxide.
    CaO + SO₂CaSO₃
  • What are nitrogen oxides (NOx) and where do they form?
    They form from reactions in car engines
  • What happens to nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere?
    They react to form smog and acid rain
  • Write the balanced equation for the formation of nitrogen dioxide from nitrogen monoxide.
    2NO + O₂ → 2NO₂
  • How does nitrogen dioxide affect the atmosphere?
    It dissolves in moisture to form acid
  • What is the function of catalytic converters in vehicles?
    • Remove CO, NOx, and unburned hydrocarbons
    • Convert them into CO₂, N₂, and H₂O
  • Write the balanced equation for the catalytic converter reaction involving octane.
    C₈H₁₈ + 25NO → 8CO₂ + 12H₂O + 9N₂
  • What materials are used in catalytic converters?
    • Platinum
    • Palladium
    • Rhodium
  • What are the main greenhouse gases?
    CO₂, CH₄, and H₂O
  • How do greenhouse gases contribute to global warming?
    They trap infrared radiation in the atmosphere
  • What has caused the increase in carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere?
    Burning of fossil fuels
  • What is the consequence of global warming on the planet?
    It alters climate and destroys habitats
  • How are chemists contributing to solving global warming?
    By developing sustainable solutions
  • What are the effects of acid rain?
    • Kills fish in lakes
    • Damages plants
    • Deteriorates buildings
  • What are the methods for removing sulfur from fuels?
    • Pre-combustion method: Reacting with hydrogen
    • Flue gas desulfurization: Using calcium oxide