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Organics
Alkanes
Combustion of Alkanes
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Cards (29)
What are many alkanes separated from crude oil used for?
They are used as
fuels
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Why is the combustion of alkanes considered highly exothermic?
It releases a large amount of
energy
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What is the percentage composition of nitrogen in the atmosphere?
78%
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What is the percentage composition of oxygen in the atmosphere?
21%
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What occurs during complete combustion of alkanes?
They burn in excess oxygen to produce
CO₂
and
H₂O
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What are the products of complete combustion of alkanes?
Carbon dioxide
(
CO₂
)
Water
(
H₂O
)
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Write the balanced equation for the complete combustion of octane (C₈H₁₈).
C₈H₁₈ +
12.5O₂
→
8CO₂
+
9H₂O
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What are the products of incomplete combustion of alkanes?
CO
,
H₂O
, and
soot
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What is the environmental impact of carbon soot?
It causes
global dimming
and
cooling
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What is carbon monoxide and why is it dangerous?
It is a
toxic
,
odorless
gas that can cause death
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How does sulfur dioxide form during combustion?
From
sulfur-containing
impurities in fuels
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Write the balanced equation for the combustion of methanethiol (CH₃SH).
CH₃SH + 3O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O +
SO₂
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What is the main environmental issue caused by sulfur dioxide?
It contributes to
acid rain
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What is flue gas desulfurization?
A method to remove
SO₂
from waste gases
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Write the neutralization reaction for removing sulfur dioxide using calcium oxide.
CaO
+
SO₂
→
CaSO₃
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What are nitrogen oxides (NOx) and where do they form?
They form from reactions in
car engines
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What happens to nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere?
They react to form
smog
and acid rain
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Write the balanced equation for the formation of nitrogen dioxide from nitrogen monoxide.
2NO +
O₂
→ 2NO₂
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How does nitrogen dioxide affect the atmosphere?
It dissolves in
moisture
to form
acid
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What is the function of catalytic converters in vehicles?
Remove
CO
,
NOx
, and unburned
hydrocarbons
Convert them into
CO₂
,
N₂
, and
H₂O
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Write the balanced equation for the catalytic converter reaction involving octane.
C₈H₁₈
+ 25NO → 8CO₂ + 12H₂O + 9N₂
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What materials are used in catalytic converters?
Platinum
Palladium
Rhodium
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What are the main greenhouse gases?
CO₂
,
CH₄
, and H₂O
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How do greenhouse gases contribute to global warming?
They trap
infrared radiation
in the atmosphere
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What has caused the increase in carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere?
Burning of
fossil fuels
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What is the consequence of global warming on the planet?
It alters
climate
and destroys
habitats
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How are chemists contributing to solving global warming?
By developing
sustainable solutions
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What are the effects of acid rain?
Kills
fish
in lakes
Damages plants
Deteriorates
buildings
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What are the methods for removing sulfur from fuels?
Pre-combustion
method: Reacting with
hydrogen
Flue gas desulfurization
: Using
calcium oxide
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