Fundamental Particles

• What topic does the video cover?

  Atomic structure
• What are the three fundamental particles discussed?

  Protons, neutrons, and electrons
• What is the relative charge of a proton?

  Positive 1
• What is the relative mass of a neutron?

  1
• Where are protons and neutrons located in an atom?

  In the nucleus
• What surrounds the nucleus of an atom?

  Electrons
• What model did John Dalton propose in 1803?

  The solid sphere model
• What does the plum pudding model represent?

  A positively charged sphere with electrons
• What significant experiment did Ernest Rutherford conduct?

  The gold foil experiment
• What did Rutherford's nuclear model reveal about atoms?

  Atoms are mostly empty space
• What is the planetary model proposed by Niels Bohr?

  Electrons orbit the nucleus in shells
• How do electrons exist in the current atomic model?

  Within orbitals, not fixed paths
• What is the relative mass of a proton?

  1
• What is the relative mass of an electron?

  1/1840
• What is the relative charge of a neutron?

  Neutral
• What is the relative charge of an electron?

  Negative 1
• What is the significance of the number $1.661 \times 10^{-27} \text{ kg}$?


  It is the mass of a proton/neutron
• What is the relative charge of a proton?

  Positive 1
• What should students focus on regarding atomic structure models?

  Key details of each model
• What are the key differences between the plum pudding model and the current atomic model?

  • Plum pudding model: positive sphere with electrons scattered
  • Current model: central nucleus with protons and neutrons
  • Electrons arranged in orbitals within energy levels
• What is the timeline of atomic model development?

  1. John Dalton: Solid sphere model (1803)
  2. JJ Thompson: Plum pudding model (1896)
  3. Ernest Rutherford: Nuclear model (1911)
  4. Niels Bohr: Planetary model (1915)
  5. Current model: Electrons in orbitals
• What are the positions and charges of subatomic particles?

  • Protons: nucleus, +1 charge
  • Neutrons: nucleus, 0 charge
  • Electrons: orbitals, -1 charge
• What is the relative mass of subatomic particles?

  • Protons: 1
  • Neutrons: 1
  • Electrons: 1/1840
• What is the importance of understanding atomic structure evolution?

  • Helps grasp current atomic models
  • Provides context for scientific advancements
  • Essential for understanding chemistry concepts
• What should students remember about the current atomic model?

  • Electrons exist in orbitals
  • Orbitals are within fixed energy levels
  • Not fixed paths around the nucleus