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Inorganic
Group 7, The Halogens
Trends in properties
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Cards (34)
What type of molecules are halogens?
Diatomic
molecules
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What is the physical appearance of fluorine?
Pale yellow
gas
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What is the physical appearance of chlorine?
Pale green
gas
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What is the physical appearance of bromine?
Orange-brown
liquid
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What is the physical appearance of iodine?
Dark purple/black
solid
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How does the color of halogens change down the group?
The color gets
darker
as you go down
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Why do halogens vary in color in different solvents?
Due to different
solubilities
in solvents
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Why do halogens dissolve better in non-polar solvents?
Halogens are non-polar
molecules
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What type of agents are halogens?
Good
oxidising
agents
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How do halogens react as oxidising agents?
By gaining
electrons
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How does the oxidising ability of halogens change down the group?
It
decreases
going
down
the
group
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Why is fluorine a good oxidising agent?
It has high
electronegativity
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What can be used to appreciate the different reactivities of halogens?
Halogen
displacement reactions
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What are halide ions?
Anionic form of a
halogen
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What role do halide ions play in reactions?
They are
reducing agents
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How does the reducing ability of halide ions change down the group?
It increases going down the group
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Why does the reducing ability of halide ions increase down the group?
Electrons are further from the
nucleus
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What can illustrate the reactions of halide ions with concentrated sulfuric acid?
Oxidation and reduction reactions
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What is the observation for bromine in reactions?
Oxidised
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What is the observation for sulfur in reactions?
Reducer
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Why is it important to learn observations for inorganic reactions?
To back up
theories
with
evidence
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How can halide ions be tested?
With
silver nitrate
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What is the basis of the test for halide ions?
Silver halides
are
insoluble
precipitates
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What color precipitate does AgCl form?
White
precipitate
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What color precipitate does AgBr form?
Cream
precipitate
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What color precipitate does AgI form?
Yellow
precipitate
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Why is it important to conduct carbonate and sulfate tests?
To avoid
false positive
results
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What are the equations for false positives in tests?
AgCO3
and
AgSO4
form white precipitates
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What is the order of tests for halides, carbonates, and sulfates?
Carbonate: Add acid
Sulfate: Add
barium chloride
Halide: Add
silver nitrate
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How can ammonia be used to distinguish silver halides?
Ammonia dissolves
AgCl
and
AgBr
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What happens to AgCl in dilute ammonia?
It
dissolves
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What happens to AgBr in concentrated ammonia?
It
dissolves
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What happens to AgI in ammonia?
It is
insoluble
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How do all halogens exist in terms of their bonding?
All halogens exist as
diatomic
molecules.
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