Rosemary Radford Ruether

• Ruether is, above all, concerned with the biblical message of liberation. The traditional doctrine of atonement with its masculine ideas of power is replaced with a depiction of Jesus as a radical and liberating prophetic figure
• Jesus as a radical and liberating prophetic figure:

  She points to the Gospel references to him siding with the marginalised in society, the most vulnerable of whom were women
• The Kingdom of God is not a heavenly state but is to be set up on earth as a sphere where justice prevails for all, including the non-human world
• Like Hampson, Ruether denounces traditional theology as patriarchal and sexist, but she has remained within the Catholic church
• She condemns the patriarchal religious beliefs both of the early and medieval Church and of much modern Catholicism
• Traditional doctrines of the Incarnation promote the idea of God as a transcendent, male, power-based being
• She replaces the term God with God/ess to express a freedom from gender
• Jesus embodies both masculine and feminine aspects of human nature, so can be seen as androgynous