irradiation and contamination

• What is irradiation?

  Exposing an object to nuclear radiation
• What types of radiation can cause irradiation?

  Alpha, beta, gamma radiation, or neutrons
• How is gamma radiation used in sterilization?

  To kill bacteria on medical equipment
• Why are objects wrapped in plastic after sterilization?

  To prevent bacteria from entering
• What does gamma radiation do to bacteria?

  Kills any bacteria present
• Does an object become radioactive after irradiation?

  No, it does not become radioactive
• What is a major risk associated with ionizing radiation?

  Increased risk of cancer in humans
• What is the first precaution for workers with radioactive isotopes?

  Shielding to stop the radiation
• What type of radiation can be stopped by gloves?

  Alpha radiation
• What material is used to shield against beta and gamma radiation?

  Lead
• What is the purpose of a radiation writer?

  To measure radiation exposure levels
• What happens if a worker receives too much radiation?

  They can be stopped from working
• What is radioactive contamination?

  Unwanted radioactive isotopes on materials
• How does radioactive contamination pose a hazard?

  Radioactive atoms decay and emit radiation
• Why are alpha emitters particularly dangerous?

  They can damage DNA if inhaled or swallowed
• How do beta particles compare to alpha particles?

  Beta particles are less ionizing than alpha
• What is the ionizing power of gamma rays?

  Weakly ionizing and can pass through the body
• Why is peer review important in scientific studies?

  It allows findings to be checked by others
• What are the hazards associated with irradiation and radioactive contamination?

  • Increased risk of cancer
  • Damage to DNA from ionizing radiation
  • Potential for large doses of radiation
• What precautions can be taken against radiation hazards?

  • Use shielding (lead, gloves)
  • Monitor exposure with radiation writers
  • Limit time spent near radioactive sources