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BACT211
lec
intro & taxonomy
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Cards (117)
What is microbiology the study of?
Microorganisms
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What are the two types of microorganisms?
Cellular
and
acellular
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What defines acellular microorganisms?
They lack
cellular
organelles
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What is a microbe?
A
microscopic
organism
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How do microbes exist?
As single
cells
or cell clusters
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What does medical microbiology focus on?
Microbes
causing diseases
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What is the role of researchers in medical microbiology?
Examine
disease-causing
factors
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What is diagnostic bacteriology?
Identifying characteristics of
bacteria
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What is a pathogen?
A
microorganism
causing infections
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What does public health microbiology focus on?
Monitoring
disease spread
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Which institutions are involved in public health microbiology?
CDC
,
WHO
,
USPHS
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What does immunology study?
Protective
substances
and cells
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What is immunity?
Recognizing
self
from
non-self
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What does industrial microbiology safeguard?
Food and water
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What is penicillin derived from?
Penicillium
fungi
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What does agricultural microbiology focus on?
Microbes
and farm animals
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What is the focus of environmental microbiology?
Microbes'
effects on habitats
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What is aquatic microbiology?
Study of microbes in
surface water
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Who created the crude form of the microscope?
Descartes
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Who described cellular structures in tree bark?
Robert Hooke
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What did Anton van Leeuwenhoek call bacteria?
Animalcules
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What did Louis Pasteur use to disprove spontaneous generation?
Swan-neck flask
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What is sterilization?
Elimination of all
life forms
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Who coined the term "sterile"?
Ferdinand Cohn
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What did John Tyndall discover about some microbes?
They have high
heat resistance
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What did Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis demonstrate?
Importance of
handwashing
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What is pasteurization?
Disinfection
method for liquids
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What are Koch's postulates?
Criteria for identifying
pathogens
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What are bacteria classified as?
Prokaryotes
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What do fungi lack that makes them heterotrophic?
Chlorophyll
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How do viruses replicate?
Using
host cell's
internal structure
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What is the first step in the infectious process?
Infection
entrance
and
multiplication
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What is colonization in the context of infection?
Microbe
establishing a
niche
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What are the two types of infections?
Localized
and
systemic
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What is normal flora?
Microorganisms
residing in the body
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What are non-sterile sites in the body?
Mouth
,
colon
,
urethra
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What can cause normal flora to become pathogenic?
Immunocompromised
host or
site transfer
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What is direct transmission?
Pathogen
transfer through contact
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What is vertical transmission?
Mother to baby
transmission
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What can happen if a mother has Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Baby could have
conjunctivitis
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