Science Term 1 Revision

• What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

  Gas exchange
• What is the trachea also known as?

  Windpipe
• Where does the trachea run from and to?

  From the mouth to the lungs
• What does the trachea split into?

  Left and right bronchus
• What are bronchioles?

  Smaller tubes that branch from bronchi
• What are alveoli?

  Tiny air sacs in the lungs
• What happens in the alveoli?

  Oxygen enters blood, carbon dioxide exits

  
• What are intercostal muscles?

  Muscles between the ribs
• How do intercostal muscles assist in breathing?

  They contract and relax with the diaphragm
• What shape is the diaphragm?

  Dome-shaped
• What occurs during inspiration?

  Diaphragm contracts, chest size increases
• What happens during expiration?

  Diaphragm relaxes, chest size decreases
• How can the process of breathing be modeled?

  • Using the bell jar model
  • Represents parts of the respiratory system

  
• What is the role of alveoli in gas exchange?

  Oxygen moves into blood, CO2 is removed

  
• Why is oxygen important for respiration?

  It releases energy from glucose
• What is a waste product of respiration?

  Carbon dioxide
• What features of alveoli make gas exchange efficient?

  • Large surface area
  • Moist thin walls
  • Numerous capillaries
• What is the plural form of bronchus?

  Bronchi
• What is the function of the diaphragm during breathing?

  Contracts and relaxes to aid breathing
• How do intercostal muscles and diaphragm work together?

  They contract and relax during breathing
• How does the bell jar model represent the respiratory system?

  It models changes during breathing processes

  
• What happens to air pressure during inspiration?

  It decreases, sucking air into lungs
• What happens to air pressure during expiration?

  It increases, forcing air out of lungs
• What is the role of capillaries in alveoli?

  Transport blood for gas exchange

  
• Why must carbon dioxide be removed from the body?

  It is a waste product of respiration
• What is the main purpose of the ribcage?

  Protects the lungs and heart
• How does the structure of alveoli facilitate gas exchange?

  Thin walls allow easy diffusion of gases

  
• What is the primary role of the nasal canal?

  Filters and warms incoming air
• What is the relationship between respiration and energy?

  Respiration releases energy from glucose
• What is the function of the ribs?

  Protects the thoracic cavity
• How does the diaphragm's movement affect breathing?

  It changes chest volume and air pressure

  
• What is the role of the lungs in the respiratory system?

  Facilitates gas exchange

  
• What is the significance of a large surface area in alveoli?

  Increases efficiency of gas exchange
• What is the primary waste product of cellular respiration?

  Carbon dioxide
• Why are moist thin walls important in alveoli?

  They facilitate gas diffusion
• What is the function of the ribcage?

  Protects the lungs and heart
• How do the intercostal muscles assist in breathing?

  They help expand and contract the chest
• What is the role of the nasal canal?

  Filters and warms incoming air