Chemical Analysis

• pure:

  • made up of only one type of particle
• impure:

  • made up of at least two types of particles
• formulation:

  • a mixture that has been designed as a useful product
  • soap, shampoo
• paper chromatography:

  • technique used to separate mixtures with dissolved soluble components
• mobile phase:

  • moving
• stationary phase:

  • not moving
• a chromatogram:

  • visible record showing the result of separating the components of a mixture by chromatography
•  Rf =

  • distance moved by sample / distance moved by solvent
  • should always be less then 1
• test for chlorine:

  • Expose it to damp blue litmus paper
  • The damp litmus paper bleaches white
• test for oxygen:

  • Expose it to a glowing splint
  • The glowing splint will relight 
• test for hydrogen:

  • Expose it to a lit splint
  • There is a squeaky pop sound
• test for carbon dioxide:

  • Bubble it through limewater
  • The limewater turns cloudy
• how to test for chlorine:

  • add damp litmus paper to the gas

  positive test result:

  • chlorine is present if the damp litmus papers is bleached white
• how to test for hydrogen:

  • add some magnesium ribbon to hydrochloric acid in a test tube
  • put the bung over the test tube to collect gas
  • light a splint

  positive test result:

  • squeaky pop
• how to test for carbon dioxide:

  • add the calcium carbonate to hydrochloric acid in a test tube
  • make sure you collect the gas and bubble it through the water

  positive test result:

  • cloudy liquid
• how to test for oxygen:

  • add the manganese oxide to hydrogen peroxide in a conical flask
  • as the gas is being produced light a splint and blow it out

  positive test result:

  • reglows