Bordetella Pertusis

• What does the protective border in the image represent?

  The protective nature of Bordetella pertussis
• What type of organism is Bordetella pertussis?

  Gram-negative coccobacillus
• What color does Bordetella pertussis appear in a gram stain?

  Red or pink
• What agar can Bordetella pertussis be isolated on?

  Bordet-Gengou agar
• What is a more common medium used to isolate Bordetella pertussis today?

  Regan-Lowe medium
• What does Regan-Lowe medium contain?

  Charcoal, blood, and an antibiotic
• What is the first toxin of Bordetella pertussis?

  Pertussis toxin
• What does the pertussis toxin do to the GI subunit?

  It disables the GI subunit
• What is the effect of pertussis toxin on cyclic AMP levels?

  Increases cyclic AMP levels
• What is the second toxin of Bordetella pertussis?

  Adenylate cyclase toxin
• What does adenylate cyclase toxin do?

  Increases cyclic AMP levels
• What is the third toxin of Bordetella pertussis?

  Tracheal cytotoxin
• What does tracheal cytotoxin damage?

  Respiratory epithelium
• What is the fourth toxin of Bordetella pertussis?

  Filamentous hemagglutinin
• What role does filamentous hemagglutinin play?

  Facilitates attachment to epithelial cells
• What condition does Bordetella pertussis cause?

  Lymphocytosis
• What are the three clinical stages of Bordetella pertussis?

  Cataral, paroxysmal, convalescent
• What characterizes the cataral stage?

  Mild cough, fever, lacrimation(coryza)
• What is a common symptom during the paroxysmal stage?

  Severe coughing spells
• What is associated with the paroxysmal stage?

  Posttussive vomiting
• What does the convalescent stage represent?

  Gradual recovery from symptoms
• What antibiotic can be used to treat Bordetella pertussis?

  Azithromycin
• What is the purpose of administering antibiotics in Bordetella pertussis cases?

  To decrease the spread of infection
• What are the names of the vaccines for Bordetella pertussis?

  DTaP and Tdap
• What does DTaP stand for?

  Diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis
• Who typically receives the DTaP vaccine?

  Children as a three-dose series
• What does Tdap stand for?

  Tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis
• Who typically receives the Tdap vaccine?

  Adolescents or adults as a booster
• Why is Bordetella pertussis unique in causing lymphocytosis?

  It is an exception among bacterial infections
• What is the significance of the clinical vignette provided?

  It illustrates classic symptoms of Bordetella pertussis
• What is the correct answer to the clinical vignette question?

  C increases the activity of adenylate cyclase
• What is the overall conclusion about Bordetella pertussis?

  It causes whooping cough with specific toxins
• How do the toxins of Bordetella pertussis contribute to its pathogenicity?

  They disrupt normal cellular functions