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Chemistry paper 2
Rates of reaction and energy changes
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Will Denton
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Cards (41)
What topic is emphasized for exam preparation?
Rates of reactions
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Why is it important to pay attention to rates of reactions?
They are frequently asked in
exams
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What are the different ways to follow a reaction?
Loss of mass
Volume of gas produced
Color change
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How can you measure the loss of mass in a reaction?
By adding
solid
to a
liquid
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What happens to mass when a gas is produced in a reaction?
The mass will
decrease
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How can gas be collected during a reaction?
Using a
syringe
or
inverted measuring cylinder
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What units are used for measuring the rate of reaction involving volume and time?
Centimeters cubed per minute
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What units are used for measuring the rate of reaction involving mass and time?
Grams per second
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What does the first graph represent in the context of reaction rates?
Volume of
carbon dioxide
produced
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What does the second graph represent in the context of reaction rates?
Mass
being lost
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How do you find the rate of reaction at a specific point on a graph?
By drawing a
tangent
at that point
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What does the gradient of the tangent represent?
The
rate of reaction
at that point
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How do you calculate the gradient of a tangent?
Change in y
divided by
change in x
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How does the steepness of the tangent relate to the rate of reaction?
Steeper tangents indicate
faster
reactions
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What are the indicators of a color change in a reaction?
Change from clear to
opaque
Change in color intensity
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What reaction is used to demonstrate color change?
Between
sodium thiosulfate
and
hydrochloric acid
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What precautions should be taken during the sodium thiosulfate reaction?
Wash equipment and avoid high
temperatures
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Why should the same person measure the rate of reaction?
To ensure
consistent results
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What is a potential error when collecting gas in a measuring cylinder?
Gas
already present in the cylinder
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What happens when powdered calcium carbonate is used instead of large marble chips?
The
reaction
occurs much faster
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How does temperature affect the rate of reaction?
Higher temperatures increase
reaction rates
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What happens to sugar cubes in hot water compared to cold water?
They dissolve faster in hot water
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What is the relationship between surface area and reaction rate?
Larger
surface area
increases
reaction rate
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How does spreading out a substance affect its drying time?
It dries faster due to larger
surface area
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What factors affect the rate of reaction?
Temperature
Surface area
Concentration
Pressure
Presence of a
catalyst
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How does concentration affect the rate of reaction?
Higher concentration increases
reaction rate
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What is the role of a catalyst in a reaction?
It lowers the
activation energy
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What is activation energy?
The energy needed to start a
reaction
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How does a catalyst affect the activation energy barrier?
It
lowers
the
activation
energy
barrier
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What are the characteristics of endothermic and exothermic reactions?
Endothermic: absorbs
energy
, feels colder
Exothermic: releases energy, feels hotter
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What happens to energy during an endothermic reaction?
Energy is absorbed from the
surroundings
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What happens to energy during an exothermic reaction?
Energy is released into the
surroundings
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How do you calculate energy change in a reaction?
By considering
bond energies
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What is the balanced equation for burning hydrogen in oxygen?
2H₂
+ O₂ →
2H₂O
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What bonds are present in the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen?
Hydrogen-hydrogen
,
oxygen-oxygen
, and
oxygen-hydrogen
bonds
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How do you calculate the total bond energy on the reactants' side?
Add the
bond energies
of all bonds
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What is the energy change for the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen?
-486
kJ/mol
indicates
exothermic
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What does a negative energy change indicate?
The reaction is
exothermic
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What should you practice for the exam regarding energy changes?
Calculating energy changes in
reactions
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What is the significance of practicing calculations for the exam?
It prepares you for likely
exam questions
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See all 41 cards
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