Money and interest rates

Cards (37)

  • What is one function of money?
    A medium of exchange
  • How did transactions occur before money?
    Through bartering goods and services
  • What problem does money eliminate in transactions?
    The double coincidence of wants
  • What does money provide as a measure of value?
    A means to measure relative values
  • How does money put a value on labor?
    By measuring wages in monetary terms
  • What is required for money to be a store of value?
    It must hold its value over time
  • What does a method of deferred payment allow?
    Creation of debts for future payment
  • What are the characteristics of money?
    • Durability
    • Divisibility
    • Portability
    • Uniformity
    • Limited supply
    • Acceptability
  • Why is durability important for money?
    It allows money to last between transactions
  • What does divisibility in money mean?
    Exact values can be traded
  • Why is portability a characteristic of money?
    It is easy to carry around
  • What does uniformity in money ensure?
    Consistent value across all units
  • Why is limited supply important for money?
    It ensures money has value
  • What does acceptability mean in the context of money?
    Confidence in money's value by users
  • What is the money supply?
    The stock of currency and liquid assets
  • What does narrow money include?
    Physical currency and liquid assets
  • What is broad money?
    Includes the entire money supply
  • How are interest rates determined?
    By the supply and demand for money
  • What happens when interest rates are above equilibrium?
    Supply of money exceeds demand
  • What is a liquidity trap?
    Supply change does not affect interest rates
  • How do high interest rates affect consumer behavior?
    Encourages saving and reduces spending
  • What is the effect of low interest rates on borrowing?
    Encourages borrowing and spending
  • What was the historic low interest rate in the UK since March 2009?
    0.5%
  • What does the Quantity Theory of Money state?
    Inflation occurs if money supply increases faster
  • What is Fisher's equation of exchange?
    MV=MV =PQ PQ
  • What does M represent in Fisher's equation?
    The supply of money
  • What does V represent in Fisher's equation?
    The velocity of circulation
  • What does P represent in Fisher's equation?
    The price level
  • What does Q represent in Fisher's equation?
    The quantity of real goods sold
  • What does T represent in Fisher's equation?
    Transactions
  • What assumption does the equation make about velocity?
    Velocity is constant
  • What happens when the money supply increases?
    Causes aggregate demand to shift right
  • What is the result of increased money supply on employment?
    More workers are employed
  • How does inflation affect the real value of money?
    It causes the real value to fall
  • What do workers demand in response to inflation?
    Higher wages to compensate
  • What happens to the SRAS curve due to inflationary pressure?
    It shifts left
  • What is the final outcome in the economy after inflationary pressure?
    Price level is higher at equilibrium