1500-1700

• Why did religion and ideas attract migrants to Britain 1500-1700?

  Renaissance: art and ideas such as Humanism

  Printing press: introduction of the printing press meant jobs were available or the ability to spread ideas

  Reformation: The Reformation (and Henry VIII's divorce) brought about Protestantism in England - foreign protestants migrate

  Jews: were fleeing religious persecution
• Why did liberty attract migrants to Britain 1500-1700?

  Parliament: 1968 Bill of Rights, freedom of speech within parliament, independent elections.

  Free press: 1965, anyone could publish anything

  Religion: William and Mary (Glorious Revolution) guaranteed Protestant supremacy, Catholics believed to be part of a conspiracy against CofE
• Why did economy and trade attract migrants to Britain 1500-1700?

  Privateering: larger navy, money from trade and robbing, backed by the monarchy

  TAST: largest forced migration, brought money to Britain (resources for slaves/vice versa)

  Joint-stock companies: e.g East India Company

  Colonisation: foundation of British Empire, new migrants in Britain, money from resource exploitation e.g gold, furs, plantation farming
• What was the Glorious Revolution?

  William and Mary were chosen to come and take the English throne. When they came there was no fighting over the throne as James II fled. It was known as the Glorious Revolution as there were no casualties.
• What was the East India Company?

  A British trading company set up on India's mainland with the Mughal Empire's permission that allowed direct spice trading (and eventually Britain could exert control)
• What was the experience of the Romani Gypsies?

  They were a persecuted minority group

  Seen as a danger to law, order, and tax collections

  1530 Egyptians Act - Gypsies had to leave England

  1554 - being a Gypsy punishable by death

  1562 - allowed citizenship if they settled (give up lifestyle)
• What was the experience of foreign merchants?

  Evil May Day

  Made to pay customs and special taxes

  Disliked by the English

  Had royal protection (anti-foreigner rioters punished)
• What was the impact of the foreign merchants?

  economically beneficial as they brought in money to the country

  presence caused anti-foreigner riots
• What was the experience of the Palatines?

  Sponsored by Queen Anne (Joshua Kochertal) as they wanted to live in North America

  Naturalisation Act 1709 (repealed in 1712)
• What was the impact of the Palatines?

  "The increase of people means advancing the wealth and strength of a nation" - Foreign Protestants Naturalisation Act
• What was the experience of the Black Tudors?

  John Blanke - Henry VIII's trumpeter

  only 300 so a minority but treated similarly to other people
• What was the impact of the Black Tudors?

  Cultural - musicians

  Economic - Aliens tax, silk weavers e.g Reasonable Blackman
• What was the experience of the African servants?

  Unfree Africans working for English families e.g Mary Fillis

  Became fashionable to be included in portraits to show power and status
• What was the impact of African servants?

  Economic - free labour

  Attitudes in Society - power and status displayed
• What was the experience of the Moroccans?

  attempted an alliance with Elizabeth I who tried to recruit them as mercenaries
• What was the experience of Jews?

  Invited back to England because:

  religious - would be easier to convert and speed up Jesus' return

  economic - had been forced to migrate to places like the Netherlands which was good for the economy (England wanted this benefit)

  Still antisemitism in England

  Pop culture had cruel Jewish moneylender characters e.g Merchant of Venice
• What was the impact of Jews?

  Economic - provided business expertise and increased prosperity
• Why did the Flemings come to England?

  To gain religious freedom from their Catholic Spanish rulers

  They came from Belgium and moved to Sandwich in Kent
• Why did the Walloons come to England?

  To gain religious freedom from their Catholic Spanish rulers

  They came from Belgium and settled in Canterbury, Kent as they were encouraged to take up residence in houses previously used for Catholic pilgrims
• Why did the Huguenots come to England?

  To escape religious conflict and aggressive persecution from the ruling Catholics

  They came from France and 40,000-50,000 of them settled in cities like London
• What was the experience of the Flemings?

  Initially positive (1561) but their experience changes when they start taking jobs aside from weaving (about 1567) and so they become disliked
• What was the impact of the Flemings?

  Art e.g Anthony van Dyck (court painter) and Peter Lely

  Introduced a new cloth-making technique (baize and say)

  400 settled in Sandwich which increased the town's business
• What was the experience of the Walloons?

  Less hostility to the Walloons than settlers in London or Sandwich

  Formed the Draper's Union (Canterbury weaver's trade union)

  Had weaving rivals in London

  1576 - given a small part of Canterbury Cathedral for services and their own French-speaking church
• What was the impact of the Walloons?

  Particularly good at weaving silk to be traded

  1570 - could set up their own retail shops

  Paid taxes and attracted traders to the city
• What was the experience of the Huguenots?

  Protected by the monarchy and parliament

  King William III and Queen Mary II raised £39,000 to help them resettle

  Persued skilled crafts e.g weaving and watchmaking

  Successful in finance and law
• What was the impact of the Huguenots?

  Brought many new words with them e.g 'brocade' and 'shot silk'

  Made silk popular as a dress fabric among the rich

  Boosted the cloth trade (20x increase 1650-1700)

  Kickstarted manufacturing industries e.g steel industry

  Invested in the Bank of England

  Established London as a major finance centre

  Helped bring religious tolerance
• What was Evil May Day?

  On 1st May 1517 a massive anti-foreigner riot was carried out by English citizens against the foreign merchants
• What was the Naturalisation Act, 1709?

  Foreign Protestants could get British Citizenship