Artificial methods of vegetative propagation

• Cutting is a method of vegetative propagation where a small part of root, stem, or leaves from a plant is cut with a sharp knife.
• Cuttings necessary to have some buds on them, examples include rose, sugarcane, and cactus.
• Layering is a type of vegetative multiplication in which a shoot of a parent plant is allowed to develop roots while it is intact with the plant.
• After the development of enough roots, the shoot is detached from the parent plant and planted in the medium to lead an independent life.
• In layering, a rooted branch is called a layer.
• Examples of plants that undergo layering include rubber and croton.
• Grafting is the process where the cut stems of two different plants (one with roots and the other without roots) are joined together to grow as a single plant.
• The new plant produced by grafting has the characteristics of both plants.
• The cut stem having roots is called stock and the cut stem of another plant without roots is called scion.
• Examples of plants that undergo grafting include apple, mango, and avocado.
• Budding is a form of grafting most often used commercially.
• In budding, just the axillary buds are grafted onto the stem of another plant.
• Examples of plants that undergo budding include rose, avocado, plum, and citrus.