Respiration

• What is the main source of energy for organisms?

  Molecules of glucose
• What is cellular respiration?

  It is an exothermic reaction releasing energy from glucose
• Where does cellular respiration occur in cells?

  In mitochondria
• What does the term "exothermic" mean in the context of respiration?

  It means the reaction releases energy
• What is metabolism?

  All chemical processes in a living organism
• What are the two types of respiration?

  • Aerobic respiration
  • Anaerobic respiration
• What is the key condition for aerobic respiration to occur?

  There must be enough oxygen
• What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

  Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water
• How does anaerobic respiration differ from aerobic respiration?

  Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen
• What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in humans?

  Glucose → Lactic Acid
• Why do we prefer aerobic respiration over anaerobic respiration?

  Aerobic respiration is more efficient
• What happens to lactic acid produced during anaerobic respiration?

  It builds up and must be removed later
• What is fermentation in the context of yeast?

  It converts glucose to ethanol and carbon dioxide
• How is fermentation used in the bread-making process?

  Yeast produces carbon dioxide, making bread fluffy
• What products are made from fermentation in yeast for beverages?

  Ethanol and carbon dioxide
• What are the key differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

  Aerobic Respiration:

  • Requires oxygen
  • Produces carbon dioxide and water
  • More efficient energy transfer

  
  

  Anaerobic Respiration:

  • Occurs without oxygen
  • Produces lactic acid (in humans) or ethanol and carbon dioxide (in yeast)
  • Less efficient energy transfer
• What are the two types of respiration?

  Aerobic and anaerobic respiration
• Why is energy important in biology?

  It powers movement, warmth, and chemical reactions
• What is the process that supplies energy in cells?

  Cellular respiration
• What type of reaction is respiration?

  Exothermic reaction
• What does aerobic respiration produce from glucose and oxygen?

  Carbon dioxide, water, and energy
• What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

  Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
• What happens during anaerobic respiration in muscles?

  Glucose is converted to lactic acid
• What is a key fact about anaerobic respiration?

  It releases much less energy than aerobic respiration
• Why does anaerobic respiration occur in muscle cells?

  Due to limited oxygen during contraction
• What is produced during anaerobic respiration in plant cells and yeast?

  Ethanol and carbon dioxide
• What is anaerobic respiration in yeast called?

  Fermentation
• How is fermentation useful in making alcoholic drinks?

  It produces ethanol during the process
• How does fermentation help in bread making?

  Carbon dioxide creates bubbles, causing rise
• What are the key differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

  • Aerobic respiration requires oxygen; anaerobic does not.
  • Aerobic produces more energy; anaerobic produces less.
  • Aerobic produces carbon dioxide and water; anaerobic produces lactic acid or ethanol.
• What are the products of aerobic respiration?

  • Carbon dioxide
  • Water
  • Energy
• What are the products of anaerobic respiration in yeast?

  • Ethanol
  • Carbon dioxide
• What are the products of anaerobic respiration in muscles?

  • Lactic acid
  • Energy
• Respiration is the process of transferring energy from the breakdown of glucose
• The energy transferred by respiration can't be used directly by cells - so it's used to make a substance called ATP
• ATP - Adenosine triphosphate
• ATP stores the energy needed for many cell processes
• Respiration is controlled by enzymes, so the rate of respiration is affected by both temperature and pH
• Respiration is an exothermic reaction as it transfers energy to the environment ( by heat )
• Cells can respire using glucose as a substrate, but organisms can also break down other organic molecules ( such as carbohydrates, proteins and lipids ) to use as substrates for respiration