Influence of early attachment

• What is secure attachment also known as?

  Type B
• How do securely attached children behave during exploration?

  They explore happily and seek proximity
• What is the separation anxiety level in securely attached children?

  Moderate separation anxiety
• How do insecure avoidant children behave during exploration?

  They explore freely without seeking proximity
• What is the reaction of insecure avoidant children when the caregiver leaves?

  Little reaction
• How do insecure resistant children behave during exploration?

  They explore less and seek greater proximity
• What is the level of distress in insecure resistant children when separated?

  Very distressed
• How do insecure resistant children react during reunion with caregivers?

  They resist comfort
• What are the key questions to discuss regarding early relationships?

  • Importance of early relationships
  • Recovery from separation and deprivation
  • Impact of early attachment on later relationships
• What does Bowlby's internal working model suggest?

  Early attachment forms a template for future relationships
• How does early attachment influence peer relationships in later childhood?

  It is associated with the quality of friendships
• What type of friendships do securely attached infants tend to form?

  Best childhood friendships
• What did Kerns (1994) find regarding attachment type and bullying behavior?

  Attachment type can predict bullying behavior
• What did Smith et al (1998) find about insecure avoidant children?

  They are more likely to be victims
• What did Smith et al (1998) find about insecure resistant children?

  They are more likely to be the bully
• How did Michael Jackson's behavior reflect his attachment style?

  He displayed high anxiety towards relationships
• What characterized Britney Spears' relationship with Kevin Federline?

  She was insecure and clingy
• How does the internal working model affect parenting?

  It influences the parenting style based on attachment
• What did Bailey et al (2007) find about mothers' attachment types?

  Most mothers had the same attachment type as their babies
• How might Ned's insecure-avoidant attachment affect his future romantic relationships?

  He will struggle to form effective relationships
• How might Nadia's secure attachment affect her future romantic relationships?

  She should maintain healthy romantic relationships
• What are the strengths of early attachment research?

  • Supporting research for internal working model
  • Positive correlation between attachment type and love experiences
  • Secure attachments linked to successful relationships
• What are the limitations of early attachment research?

  • Refuting evidence for internal working model
  • Correlational rather than experimental research
  • Difficult to determine cause and effect
  • Overly deterministic perspective
• What did Fraley (2002) find regarding attachment type stability?

  Correlations ranged from 0.1 to 0.5
• What do Clarke and Clarke (1998) argue about early attachment problems?

  They increase the risk of difficult relationships
• What did Hazan and Shaver's 'Love Quiz' reveal?

  Positive correlation between attachment type and love experiences
• How does temperament influence attachment according to Kagan?

  It affects many aspects of development
• What does the research suggest about the influence of childhood attachment on later relationships?

  • Secure attachments linked to successful relationships
  • Early attachments are part of the explanation
  • Individuals have control over future relationships
• What does the internal working model imply about early experiences?

  They have a fixed effect on later relationships
• How does the internal working model view the stability of attachment types?

  It suggests a long-lasting, stable template