Situational variables affecting obedience

• What was Milgram's aim in his study?

  • Investigate obedience to authority figures
• What was the method used in Milgram's study?

  • Experiment with 40 male participants
• What were the results of Milgram's study?

  • 65% administered maximum volts
  • 100% administered up to 300 volts
• What conclusion can be drawn from Milgram's study?

  • High levels of obedience to authority
• What are situational variables in Milgram's research?

  • Environmental factors affecting obedience
• What situational variable did Milgram find affected obedience rates?

  Proximity, location, and uniform
• What was the obedience rate when the experimenter was in the same room as the participant?

  65%
• What was the obedience rate when the experimenter gave instructions via telephone?

  20.5%
• What does proximity suggest about obedience?

  Obedience is affected by proximity
• What did Hofling et al (1966) study?

  Obedience in a hospital setting
• What percentage of nurses followed orders in Hofling's study?

  95%
• What does the setting of a situation affect?

  The likelihood of obedience
• What is a strength of location as an explanation of obedience?

  Research support from a controlled study
• What happens to obedience rates in institutionalized settings?

  They are often highest
• What does clothing worn by authority figures affect?

  The perception of the authority figure
• What was the obedience rate when the experimenter wore normal clothes?

  58%
• What was the obedience rate when the experimenter was dressed as a security guard?

  92%
• What is the conclusion about uniform's role in obedience?

  Uniform increases obedience rates
• What is the percentage of obedience when someone else administered the shock?

  92.5%
• What is the obedience rate when the experimenter was replaced by another participant?

  20%
• What is a limitation of Milgram's research?

  Lacks internal validity
• What did the documentary "The Game of Death" find?

  80% delivered maximum shock
• What ethical issue is associated with Milgram's study?

  Participants were deceived
• What psychological harm did participants experience in Milgram's study?

  Nervous laughter and nail biting
• What is an alternative explanation for obedience?

  Social identity theory
• What did Haslam and Reicher analyze in Milgram's study?

  Behavior of participants with prods
• What did Sheridan and King find in their study?

  100% of females delivered fatal shock
• What is a strength of Milgram's research?

  Findings have been replicated
• What did Orne and Holland argue about Milgram's study?

  Participants doubted the setup
• What does social identity theory suggest about obedience?

  Key lies in group identification
• What happens when participants identify less with the experimenter?

  Obedience levels fall
• What is the structure of the response to describe and evaluate research into obedience?

  Present AO1 points followed by AO3 points
• What is the aim of Milgram's research?

  To investigate obedience to authority
• What is the method used in Milgram's study?

  Experiment with 40 male volunteers
• What were the results of Milgram's study?

  65% administered maximum volts
• What is the conclusion drawn from Milgram's study?

  High levels of obedience to authority
• What is the evaluation structure for discussing Milgram's research?

  Present all AO1 points first
• What is the significance of Milgram's findings?

  Understanding obedience can prevent blind obedience
• What is the role of situational variables in Milgram's research?

  They affect the level of obedience
• What is the impact of the experimenter's uniform on obedience?

  It increases obedience rates