Chapter 5 - BioPsych

• CONSCIOUSNESS

  •Moment-to-moment awareness o ourselves and our environment.
• Consciousness is the awareness of sensations, thoughts, and feelings being experienced at a given time
• Waking Consciousness - We are awake and aware of our thoughts, emotions, and perceptions.
• Altered States of Consciousness - Any state we experience that is different to a normal state
• 3 altered · Level of Awareness

  · Self Control

  · Time Orientation
• Why Do We Sleep? Physiological need
• Sleep is required for normal functioning, and ultimately for survival
• Circadian Rhythm: Life Cycles

  • Biological processes that occur regularly o approximately a 24-hour cycle
• Latin circa diem = around the day
• Circadian Rhythm: Life Cycles - Sleep/wake cycle
• Circardian Rhythm Bodily functions:

  Body temperature

  Hormone production

  Blood pressure
• REM (Rapid Eye Movement)
• Stage 1: Light Sleep

  Lasts only a few minutes
• Stage 2: Sleep Spindles

  Deeper sleep
• Stage 3: First Delta Waves

  Slower waves
• Stage 4: Delta Waves

  Deepest stage
• Fifth stage of sleep - active type of sleep
• Most dreams occur in rem, experienced (not necessarily remembered) by everyone
• Sleep Deprivation

  · Disrupts homeostasis or internal equilibrium

  · Disrupts ability to concentrate or focus attention
• Sleep Disorders - Sleep patterns and Sleep Activity disturbances
• • Nightmares Bad dreams

  · Occur during REM sleep

  · Common in children than adults
• Night Terrors - States of Panic

  · Occur during deepest phase of Non-REM sleep

  · Person might get out of bed, scream, have difficulty breathing
• Somnambulism or Sleepwalking

  · Repeated episodes of rising from bed during sleep and walking about
• REM-Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD)

  · The loss of muscle tone that causes normal REM-paralysis is absent
• RBD- Allows the person to "act out" his or her dreams
• Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder

  · Persistent and recurrent pattern of sleep disruption leading to excessive sleepiness
• Narcolepsy

  · Attributed to irresistible attacks of refreshing sleep that occur daily for over at least 3 months
• Narcolepsy-Recurrent intrusion of REM sleep
• Catalepsy - loss of muscle tone
• • Insomnia Difficulty going to sleep or staying asleep; Early Onset, Middle Onset, Late Onset Manifested for at least a month; Sign of depression
• Hypersomnia - Excessive sleepiness manifested in prolonged sleep episodes (night or day) Like an infant who is always sleeping; Sign of depression
• Sleep Apnea

  · Causes the person to stop breathing while asleep
• 1. DREAMING

  •Throughout the night, we dream most often during REM sleep, when activity in many brain areas is highest
• Manifest content of dreams - elements of the dream which we remember
• • Latent content of dreams actual wishes, deeper, disguised, true meaning
• DREAMS-FOR-SURVIVAL THEORY

  · Dreams permit information that is critical for our daily survival
• COGNITIVE THEORY

  · Dreams are like what we are thinking everyday
• 4 cognitive theory - Imagery

  Memory

  Speech

  Problem-solving
• DAY RESIDUE

  · Dreams elements are directly related to things going on in our lives during the day
• ACTIVATION-SYNTHESIS THEORY

  · Brain produces random electrical energy during REM sleep

  · stimulates memories lodged in various portions of the brain