britain (c790-present)- migration, empires, and the people

• What event did the Vikings control in 879?

  Eastern and north-eastern Britain (Danelaw)
• Who defeated King Harold at the Battle of Hastings in 1066?

  The Normans from France
• What was the duration of the Hundred Years War?

  1337-1453
• What significant action did John Hawkins take in 1562?

  He transported enslaved people to Spanish colonies
• What was the first successful English settlement in North America?

  Jamestown
• What was a consequence of British colonization in North America?

  Seizure of territory from indigenous tribes
• When did Huguenot settlers begin arriving in Britain?

  1670
• What was the outcome of the Battle of Plassey in 1757?

  British victory allowed East India Company control
• What was the result of Britain's defeat in the War of Independence?

  Loss of the American colonies
• What began in Scotland in 1780?

  The Highland Clearances
• What was the Irish Potato Famine's duration?

  1845-1849
• What was the result of the Indian Rebellion from 1857-1859?

  India came under British government control
• What was the Scramble for Africa?

  Invasion and colonization of Africa by Britain
• When was the Second Boer War fought?

  1899-1902
• What significant event occurred in India in 1947?

  India gained independence from Britain
• What did the Empire Windrush signify in 1948?

  Beginning of West Indian migration to Britain
• When did Britain join the European Union?

  1973
• What conflict occurred in 1982?

  The Falklands War between Britain and Argentina
• How many EU members adopted the Euro in 1999?

  Twelve members
• Who was the effective ruler of England in the late 10th century?

  Cnut
• What was Cnut's empire comprised of?

  England, Denmark, and Norway
• What significant battle did Cnut win in 1016?

  The battle of Assandun
• What did Cnut establish in Normandy?

  A council to manage kingdom affairs
• What are the key features of Cnut's rule in England?

  • Strong governance and control
  • Relatively peaceful reign
  • Improvements in quality of life
  • Centralized power with the king
  • Management of England as part of an empire
• What problems persisted during Cnut's reign despite its peace?

  • English resentment towards Cnut
  • Disputes within the empire
  • Turmoil after Cnut's death
• When did Henry II become King of England?

  1154
• How did Henry II expand his empire?

  Through inheritance and conquest
• What happened to King John in the late 12th century?

  He lost land in France
• What was the extent of the Angevin Empire under Henry II?

  Stretched across much of Western Europe
• What were the key reasons for the decline of the Angevin Empire?

  • Loss of territories in France
  • Internal conflicts
  • Weak leadership after Henry II
• What were the stages of the Hundred Years War?

  Stage 1 (1337-1400), Stage 2 (1415-53), Stage 3 (1453)
• What were the causes of the Hundred Years War?

  • Territorial disputes
  • Claims to the French throne
  • Economic conflicts
• What was the significance of the Battle of Agincourt?

  Major English victory in the Hundred Years War
• What were the short-term and long-term legacies of the Hundred Years War?

  Short-term:

  • Increased national identity
  • Military innovations

  
  

  Long-term:

  • Changes in monarchy power
  • Rise of France as a power
• Who was Sir John Hawkins?

  A Tudor explorer and slave trader
• What were the reasons for British colonization in America?

  • Economic opportunities
  • Religious freedom
  • Land ownership
  • Natural resources
• What challenges did early settlers face in America?

  Disease, conflict, and food shortages
• What was the first permanent English settlement in North America founded in 1607?

  Jamestown
• What was the significance of the Plymouth settlement in 1620?

  Established by Pilgrims seeking religious freedom
• How did religious factors influence colonization?

  • Motivated settlers to seek freedom
  • Influenced social and political structures
  • Led to conflicts between groups