CHAPTER 3

• Independent Clause

  can stand alone
• Clauses


  • Building blocks of sentences
  • a group of words that contains a subject and a verb
• Dependent Clause


  can't stand on its own
• Kinds of Dependent Clause

  • Noun Clause
  • Adverb Clause
  • Adjective Clause
• Noun Clause


  acts as a noun or object in the sentence
• Adverb Clause

  acts as an adverb in or describes the verb
• Adjective Clause

  acts as an objective or describes the adjective
• Simple Sentence

  one independent clause (with predicate/subject and verb).
• Compound Sentences

  two independent clauses with coordinators/transitional conjunctions. You can also make use of semicolon.
• Complex Sentences

  Independent comes first but, use a comma if dependent is first.
• Compound-Complex

  2 independent and 1 dependent or 2 independent and 2 dependent.
• Sentence Fragments

  Fragments are just a part of a sentence.
• Choppy Sentences

  no coordinators/subordinators/transition signals
• Run-on Sentences and Comma Splices

  No punctuation used to misuse of punctuation
• Stringy Sentences

  too many coordinators/subordinators/transition signals in one sentence.
• Parallelism

  to emphasize ideas; ideas must be in parallel form; using the same grammatical structure.
• Dangling Modifiers

  lack of subject; must have modifier and the subject to modify.