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• What is the branch of Psychology that studies changes over time?

  Developmental Psychology
• What does Developmental Psychology aim to identify?

  Continuities and changes in individuals over time
• What are the two important processes underlying developmental change?

  Maturation and Learning
• What does maturation refer to in developmental psychology?

  Biological unfolding according to inheritance
• How does learning contribute to development?

  It produces permanent changes in feelings and behaviors
• What are the types of change in development?

  1. Change in Size
  2. Change in Proportion
  3. Disappearance of Old Features
  4. Acquisition of New Features
• What does change in size refer to in development?

  Physical and mental growth changes
• What is meant by change in proportion during development?

  Development involves shifts in interests and focus
• What are some features that may disappear during development?

  Thymus glands and baby hair
• What new features are acquired during development?

  Sex characteristics and mental traits
• What are the three types of processes in development?

  • Biological Processes
  • Cognitive Processes
  • Socioemotional Processes
• How are biological, cognitive, and socioemotional processes related?

  They are often bidirectional
• What is a developmental period?

  A time frame characterized by certain features
• What are the eight developmental periods and their age ranges?

  1. Prenatal Period: Conception to birth
  2. Infancy: First 2 years
  3. Early Childhood: 3 to 5 or 6 years
  4. Middle Childhood: 6 to about 11
  5. Adolescence: Approximately 12 to 21
  6. Early Adulthood: 20s to 30s
  7. Middle Adulthood: 40s to 50s
  8. Late Adulthood: 60s and older
• What is the age range for the Infancy developmental period?

  First 2 years of life
• What characterizes the Early Childhood developmental period?

  Children aged 3 to 5 or 6 years
• What is the age range for Adolescence?

  Approximately 12 to 21 years
• What is the focus of the Psychosexual Theory?

  Experiences in early life shape problems
• Who proposed the Psychosexual Theory?

  Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
• What are the stages of Freud's Psychosexual Theory?

  1. Oral Stage: Birth to 1.5 years
  2. Anal Stage: 1.5 to 3 years
  3. Phallic Stage: 3 to 6 years
  4. Latency Stage: 6 years to Puberty
  5. Genital Stage: Puberty Onward
• What is the pleasurable center during the Oral Stage?

  Infant's pleasure centers on the mouth
• What happens during the Anal Stage?

  Children begin potty training
• What is the focus of pleasure during the Phallic Stage?

  Child's pleasure focuses on the genitals
• What occurs during the Latency Stage?

  Child represses sexual interest and develops skills
• What is the focus during the Genital Stage?

  Attraction to opposite sex peers
• What can fixation in the Oral Stage lead to?

  Dependency or aggression issues
• What are the two types of fixation in the Anal Stage?

  Anal-expulsive and Anal-retentive
• What is the outcome of the Phallic Stage?

  Development of communication skills and self-confidence
• What is the focus of Erikson's Psychosocial Theory?

  • Developmental change occurs throughout the lifespan
  • Each stage has a basic conflict to resolve
• Who proposed the Psychosocial Theory?

  Erik Erikson (1902-1994)
• What are the stages of Erikson's Psychosocial Theory?

  1. Trust vs. Mistrust (0 to 18 months)
  2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (2 to 3 years)
  3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3 to 5 years)
  4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6 to 11 years)
  5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (12 to 18 years)
  6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (19 to 40 years)
  7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (40 to 65 years)
  8. Ego Identity vs. Despair (65 to death)
• What is the basic conflict during Infancy?

  Trust vs. Mistrust
• What is the important event during Early Childhood?

  Toilet Training/Dressing
• What is the key question during Adolescence?

  Who am I and where am I going?
• What outcome is expected from successful resolution of the Intimacy vs. Isolation stage?

  Strong relationships
• What do older adults need to reflect on during the Maturity stage?

  Look back on life and feel fulfilled
• What is the basic conflict during Middle Adulthood?

  Generativity vs. Stagnation
• What is the important event during the School Age stage?

  Social Relationships/Identity
• What is the outcome of successfully resolving the Identity vs. Role Confusion stage?

  Ability to stay true to oneself
• What is the basic conflict during Young Adulthood?

  Intimacy vs. Isolation