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1st Semester
Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics
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Cards (182)
What is culture defined as?
The
aggregate
of people living together
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What are
cultural
universals?
Aspects of
human behavior
found in all societies
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What does culture refer to in a society?
Shared
beliefs
,
values
,
norms
, and practices
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What is society?
A group involved in persistent
social
interaction
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How are societies characterized?
By
patterns
of
relationships
among individuals
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What is politics associated with?
Governance
of a country or area
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What does politics involve?
Processes and institutions for
decision-making
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What are folkways?
Behaviors learned and shared by a
social group
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What are the key components of culture?
Ideas and
Convictions
(Beliefs)
Shared Principles and Standards (
Values
)
Rules and Expectations (
Norms
)
Representations
(Symbols)
Systems
and Symbols (Language)
Routine Behaviors and Activities (Rituals)
Objects
with Cultural Significance
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What do social differences refer to?
Distinctions
based on
characteristics
like race
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What are political identities?
Ways individuals define themselves
politically
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Why are humans called social beings?
They naturally form complex
relationships
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What is social reality?
Shared
understanding
of the
social
world
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What motivates human behavior?
Values
and
beliefs
serve as guidelines
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What are values?
Principles or standards of
behavior
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What are beliefs?
Convictions
accepted
as true or real
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What are social dynamics?
Patterns
of interaction within and between groups
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What is sociology?
A systematic study of
society
and groups
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What is the etymology of sociology?
From
Latin
"
socios
" and
Greek
"
logos
"
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Who coined the term sociology?
Emmanuel Joseph Sieye
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What does sociology focus on?
The
ubiquity
of
social forces
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What are the three stages of the Theory of Static and Dynamic?
Theological Stage
Animism
, Polytheism, Monotheism
Metaphysical Stage
Transitional phase using philosophy
Positivism Stage
Scientific approach based on observable facts
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What is anthropology?
The study of
man
and his behavior
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What is the etymology of anthropology?
From Greek "
anthrōpos
" and "-
logia
"
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What are the branches of anthropology?
Archaeology
Cultural Anthropology
Physical/Biological Anthropology
Linguistic Anthropology
Applied Anthropology
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What does archaeology study?
Artifacts
created by past societies
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What does cultural anthropology focus on?
Culture,
beliefs
, values, and practices
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What does physical/biological anthropology study?
Origin,
gene
,
evolution
, and
diversity
of
people
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What does linguistic anthropology study?
Human
language
and its changes over time
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What is applied anthropology?
Applying anthropology to solve human
problems
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What are the principles of anthropology?
Universality
Empiricism
Comparison
Objectivity
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What is a language barrier?
Difficulty arising from
language differences
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What is a physical barrier?
Physical
limitations
interfering
with
communication
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What is an emotional process barrier?
Psychological
barrier preventing emotional
expression
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What are the major sociological theories?
Omnipotence
Omniscience
Sociological Evolution
Theory
Structural-Functionalist
Theory
Social-Conflict
Theory
Symbolic Interactionist
Theory
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What does omnipotence refer to in sociology?
Agents controlling
influential
positions in society
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What does omniscience refer to in sociology?
Library
collecting and manipulating human memories
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What is the sociological evolution theory?
Societies change from
simple
to complex forms
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What is the goal of sociological evolution theory?
Survival of societies
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Who proposed the theory of survival of the fittest?
Charles Darwin
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