B6 Genes and Genome

• What does DNA stand for?

  Deoxyribonucleic acid
• DNA has a double helix structure. How many strands is the helix made up of?

  2
• The DNA in typical human cell is found in tight coils known as..

  Chromosomes
• How many chromosomes are there in a typical human cell?

  46 (23 pairs)
• Chromosomes exist in pairs. The chromosomes in the 23rd pair are known as the..

  Sex chromosomes
• Do women have XX or XY sex chromosome?

  XX
• Do men have XX or XY sex chromosome?

  XY
• Chromosomes only have an ‘X’ shape when the DNA has been duplicated ready for cell division. Most look like ‘l’.
• Genes are?


  A small section of DNA that codes for a specific protein.
• DNA can code for proteins by coding for the sequence in which amino acids are joined together.
• Genome? 


  The entire set of genetic material in an organis.
• Some genes can cause specific diseases. We call these inherited diseases.
• Understanding the genomes of people around the world can tell us about the migration patterns of our ancestors.