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science
chemistry paper 1
reactions of acids
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Created by
hollie maklowicz
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Cards (28)
What do acids release when dissolved in water?
H⁺
ions
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Name three main acids.
Sulfuric
,
nitric
,
hydrochloric
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What do alkalis release when dissolved in water?
OH⁻
ions
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What does the pH scale measure?
Acidity
and
alkalinity
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What pH value indicates an acidic solution?
pH <
7
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What pH value indicates a neutral solution?
pH =
7
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What pH value indicates an alkaline solution?
pH >
7
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How does the pH scale relate to H⁺ ions?
More
H⁺ ions
lower
the pH
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What does an increase of 1 on the pH scale represent?
A decrease of 10x
H⁺
ions
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Name three strong acids.
Sulfuric
,
nitric
, hydrochloric
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What happens to strong acids when dissolved in water?
They
completely ionize
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Name three weak acids.
Ethanoic
,
citric
,
carbonic
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What happens to weak acids when dissolved in water?
They partially
ionize
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What does concentration tell us about acids?
Amount of substance
in water
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What characterizes more concentrated acids?
Lots of acid in small
volume
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What characterizes less concentrated acids?
Little acid in large
volume
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What is formed when hydrogen from an acid is replaced by a metal?
Salts
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What are the formulas, ions formed, and types of salts for the three main acids?
Hydrochloric acid
:
HCl
, H⁺ and
Cl⁻
,
metal chloride
Sulfuric acid
:
H₂SO₄
, 2H⁺ and
SO₄²⁻
,
metal sulfate
Nitric acid
:
HNO₃
, H⁺ and
NO₃⁻
,
metal nitrate
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What do acids produce when they react with metals?
Salts
and
hydrogen gas
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What do acids produce when they react with metal hydroxides?
Salts and water
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What do acids produce when they react with metal oxides?
Salts and water
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What do acids produce when they react with metal carbonates?
Salts
, water, and
carbon dioxide
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What happens to the metal in a redox reaction?
The metal loses
electrons
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What happens to hydrogen in a redox reaction?
Hydrogen
gains
electrons
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What do bases do in neutralisation reactions?
Neutralize
acids
to form water
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What do some metal hydroxides form when dissolved in water?
Alkaline
solutions
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What do some metal oxides and hydroxides that do not dissolve in water represent?
They are bases, not
alkalis
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What are the steps to produce a solid salt from an insoluble base?
Choose correct
acid
and base
Heat dilute acid in a flask
Add base and stir
Add base until in excess
Filter to remove
unreacted
base
Evaporate water to leave salt crystals
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