reactions of acids

Cards (28)

  • What do acids release when dissolved in water?
    H⁺ ions
  • Name three main acids.
    Sulfuric, nitric, hydrochloric
  • What do alkalis release when dissolved in water?
    OH⁻ ions
  • What does the pH scale measure?
    Acidity and alkalinity
  • What pH value indicates an acidic solution?
    pH < 7
  • What pH value indicates a neutral solution?
    pH = 7
  • What pH value indicates an alkaline solution?
    pH > 7
  • How does the pH scale relate to H⁺ ions?
    More H⁺ ions lower the pH
  • What does an increase of 1 on the pH scale represent?
    A decrease of 10x H⁺ ions
  • Name three strong acids.
    Sulfuric, nitric, hydrochloric
  • What happens to strong acids when dissolved in water?
    They completely ionize
  • Name three weak acids.
    Ethanoic, citric, carbonic
  • What happens to weak acids when dissolved in water?
    They partially ionize
  • What does concentration tell us about acids?
    Amount of substance in water
  • What characterizes more concentrated acids?
    Lots of acid in small volume
  • What characterizes less concentrated acids?
    Little acid in large volume
  • What is formed when hydrogen from an acid is replaced by a metal?
    Salts
  • What are the formulas, ions formed, and types of salts for the three main acids?
    • Hydrochloric acid: HCl, H⁺ and Cl⁻, metal chloride
    • Sulfuric acid: H₂SO₄, 2H⁺ and SO₄²⁻, metal sulfate
    • Nitric acid: HNO₃, H⁺ and NO₃⁻, metal nitrate
  • What do acids produce when they react with metals?
    Salts and hydrogen gas
  • What do acids produce when they react with metal hydroxides?
    Salts and water
  • What do acids produce when they react with metal oxides?
    Salts and water
  • What do acids produce when they react with metal carbonates?
    Salts, water, and carbon dioxide
  • What happens to the metal in a redox reaction?
    The metal loses electrons
  • What happens to hydrogen in a redox reaction?
    Hydrogen gains electrons
  • What do bases do in neutralisation reactions?
    Neutralize acids to form water
  • What do some metal hydroxides form when dissolved in water?
    Alkaline solutions
  • What do some metal oxides and hydroxides that do not dissolve in water represent?
    They are bases, not alkalis
  • What are the steps to produce a solid salt from an insoluble base?
    1. Choose correct acid and base
    2. Heat dilute acid in a flask
    3. Add base and stir
    4. Add base until in excess
    5. Filter to remove unreacted base
    6. Evaporate water to leave salt crystals