hormones and reproduction

• What are the main roles of sex hormones in the body?

  Control human reproduction and secondary characteristics
• What happens to eggs during puberty in females?


  They begin to mature and be released
• What is the main female sex hormone?

  Oestrogen
• What is the main male sex hormone?

  Testosterone
• What does testosterone stimulate in males?

  Sperm production
• How often do women experience ovulation?

  Approximately every 28 days
• Which gland secretes follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?

  Pituitary gland
• What is the function of FSH in the menstrual cycle?

  Causes eggs to mature in the ovaries
• What hormone makes the lining of the uterus grow again?

  Oestrogen
• What does luteinising hormone (LH) do in the menstrual cycle?

  Stimulates the release of the egg
• What maintains the lining of the uterus during the second half of the cycle?

  Progesterone
• What are the hormonal methods of contraception?

  Oral contraceptives and hormone injections
• What do oral contraceptives contain?

  Oestrogen and progesterone
• How do hormonal contraceptives work?

  Inhibit FSH production to prevent egg maturation
• What are barrier methods of contraception?

  Condoms and diaphragms
• What do intrauterine devices do?

  Prevent embryos from implanting in the uterus
• What is the function of spermicidal creams?

  Kill or disable sperm
• What is a non-hormonal method of contraception?

  Not having intercourse during ovulation
• What are the surgical methods of contraception?

  Cutting sperm ducts or tying fallopian tubes
• What ethical issues are associated with contraception?

  Religious concerns and forced sterilisation
• Why is it important to evaluate risks and benefits in contraception?

  To make informed decisions about health
• What is the name of the male sex hormone?

  Testosterone
• What organ secretes FSH and LH?

  Pituitary gland
• Which hormone causes the release of an egg from the ovaries?

  Luteinising hormone (LH)
• What are the key hormones involved in the menstrual cycle and their functions?

  • FSH: Causes eggs to mature in ovaries
  • Oestrogen: Grows uterine lining after menstruation
  • LH: Stimulates egg release (ovulation)
  • Progesterone: Maintains uterine lining in second half
• What are the different methods of contraception?

  Hormonal methods:

  • Oral contraceptives (combined pill)
  • Injections, implants, skin patches

  
  

  Non-hormonal methods:

  • Barrier methods (condoms, diaphragm)
  • Intrauterine devices
  • Spermicidal creams
  • Natural methods (timing)
  • Surgical sterilisation
• What ethical considerations surround contraception?

  • Religious and ethical concerns
  • Potential for forced contraception
  • Evaluation of risks and benefits
  • Diverse views on contraception