B. Form and Function

• What is the central theme of the mind map?

  Form and Function
• How do adaptations relate to survival and reproduction?

  They enhance survival and reproduction chances
• What are the forms and functions of carbohydrates and lipids?

  • Carbohydrates:
  • Form: Ring-shaped (e.g., glucose) or long chains (e.g., cellulose)
  • Function: Quick energy (glucose) or structural support (cellulose)
  • Lipids:
  • Form: Hydrophobic tails (e.g., fatty acids) and hydrophilic heads (e.g., phospholipids)
  • Function: Energy storage (fats) or membrane formation (phospholipids)
• How do carbohydrates connect to cells and organisms?

  They provide energy and structural support
• What is the form of proteins?

  3D folded structures
• What are the functions of proteins?

  Catalyze reactions, transport molecules, provide structure
• How do proteins connect to cells and organisms?

  • Cells: Organelle functions depend on proteins
  • Organisms: Muscle contraction and immune responses
• What is the form of cell membranes?

  Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
• What is the function of cell membranes?

  Selective permeability and transport of molecules
• How do membranes connect to molecules and organisms?

  • Molecules: Lipids form membranes; proteins enable transport
  • Organisms: Nutrient absorption in intestines
• What is the form of organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts?

  Mitochondria have folded cristae; chloroplasts have thylakoid stacks
• What are the functions of organelles?

  Specialized roles like ATP production and photosynthesis
• How do organelles connect to organisms?

  • Cellular specialization enables tissues and organs
• What is the form of specialized cells?

  Unique shapes like neurons and red blood cells
• What are the functions of specialized cells?

  Tailored roles like nerve signaling and oxygen transport
• How do cell specialization connect to organisms?

  • Multicellular complexity
• What is the form of gas exchange structures?

  Alveoli and stomata
• What is the function of gas exchange structures?

  Efficient oxygen/CO₂ exchange for respiration
• How do gas exchange structures connect to cells and ecosystems?

  • Cells: Mitochondria require oxygen for ATP
  • Ecosystems: Plants regulate atmospheric CO₂
• What is the form of transport systems in organisms?

  Circulatory systems and xylem/phloem
• What is the function of transport systems?

  Distribute nutrients, oxygen, and waste
• How do transport systems connect to cells and ecosystems?

  • Cells: Delivers glucose for cellular respiration
  • Ecosystems: Nutrient cycling in food webs
• What is the form of adaptations in organisms?

  Camel humps and cactus spines
• What is the function of adaptations?

  Survival in extreme conditions
• How do adaptations connect to molecules and organisms?

  • Molecules: Lipid storage in humps
  • Organisms: Physiological traits
• What is the form of ecological niches?

  Species-specific traits
• What is the function of ecological niches?

  Minimize competition and exploit resources
• How do ecological niches connect to organisms and cells?

  • Organisms: Behavioral/structural adaptations
  • Cells: Energy efficiency supports niche roles
• What are the cross-theme connections in the mind map?

  • Proteins → Organelles: Enzymes in mitochondria drive ATP production
  • Membranes → Transport: Nutrient absorption relies on membrane transporters
  • Gas Exchange → Ecosystems: Stomatal function impacts carbon cycles
  • Ecological Niches → Molecules: Digestive enzymes evolve for niche-specific diets
• What is the key idea of the mind map?

  • Each level’s form enables its function
  • Creates a nested hierarchy of adaptations
  • Sustains life through interconnections
• How does lipid structure relate to cell survival?

  • Lipid structure (form) → membrane flexibility (function)
  • Membrane flexibility → cell survival
  • Cell survival → organismal homeostasis
  • Organismal homeostasis → ecosystem stability