sct

• What does specialized connective tissue include?

  Different tissues with specialized cells
• What is adipose tissue primarily composed of?

  Fat-storing cells called adipocytes
• What percentage of body weight does adipose tissue represent in men?

  15%-20%
• What percentage of body weight does adipose tissue represent in women?

  More than 20%
• What are adipocytes specialized for?

  Energy storage in lipid droplets
• What supports adipocytes in adipose tissue?

  Reticular fibers and connective tissue septa
• What are the two types of adipose tissue?

  • White adipose tissue
  • Brown adipose tissue
• What is the diameter range of white adipose tissue adipocytes?

  50 to 150 μm
• What is the primary characteristic of unilocular adipocytes?

  Contain one large lipid droplet
• How much body weight can white adipose tissue comprise in obesity?

  More than 50%
• Where is white adipose tissue primarily distributed in the body?

  Deep layers of the skin
• What are the three sources from which white adipocytes can store triglycerides?

  Dietary fats, liver lipids, and free fatty acids
• What percentage of a newborn's body weight does brown adipose tissue comprise?

  Up to 5%
• What is the primary function of brown adipose tissue?

  Generation of heat
• What unique protein is expressed in brown adipose tissue?

  Uncoupling protein, UCP1
• What is cartilage primarily used for?

  Structural support and low-friction surfaces
• How do chondrocytes receive nutrients?

  By diffusion from surrounding connective tissue
• What is the extracellular matrix of cartilage rich in?

  Collagen and proteoglycans
• Where are chondrocytes located in cartilage?

  In lacunae
• What is the perichondrium?

  A sheath of dense connective tissue around cartilage
• What is hyaline cartilage known for?

  Being the most common type of cartilage
• What is the main component of hyaline cartilage's extracellular matrix?

  Type II collagen and aggrecan
• How do chondrocytes appear in hyaline cartilage?

  Occur singly or in small groups
• What is the presence of perichondrium in hyaline cartilage?

  Usually present, except in certain areas
• What does elastic cartilage provide support for?

  External ear and auditory canals
• What distinguishes elastic cartilage from hyaline cartilage?

  Presence of abundant elastic fibers
• What is the primary function of fibrocartilage?

  Provides tough, strong support
• What are the three major forms of cartilage?

  • Hyaline cartilage
  • Elastic cartilage
  • Fibrocartilage
• What is the main feature of the extracellular matrix in hyaline cartilage?

  Homogeneous with type II collagen
• What is the typical arrangement of chondrocytes in fibrocartilage?

  Isolated or in isogenous groups
• What is the presence of perichondrium in fibrocartilage?

  No perichondrium present
• What are the main functions of hyaline cartilage?

  Provides smooth surfaces and structural support
• How does cartilage grow?

  By mitosis of chondroblasts or appositional growth
• Why is cartilage repair slow?

  Due to avascularity and low metabolic rate
• What are the main functions of bone?

  Support, protection, and hematopoiesis
• What do osteoblasts do?

  Synthesize osteoid and mediate mineralization
• What are osteocytes?

  Inactive osteoblasts trapped within bone
• What is the role of osteoclasts?

  Phagocytic cells that erode bone
• What comprises the bone matrix?

  Inorganic and organic materials
• What is the percentage of inorganic material in bone matrix?

  50%