context

• What significant changes did the Industrial Revolution bring?

  Worsening living and working conditions
• How did the Industrial Revolution impact people's lives?

  It made living and working increasingly difficult
• What was the effect of converting to machine-driven labor during the Industrial Revolution?

  It often resulted in dangerous working conditions
• What was a consequence of increased factory production during the Industrial Revolution?

  Widening gap between upper and lower classes
• What became commonplace in factories during the Industrial Revolution?

  Child labor
• What did the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834 establish?

  The workhouse system
• How did workhouses differ from refuges for the poor?

  They resembled prison systems instead
• What were the conditions like in workhouses?

  Harsh, with families separated and hard labor enforced
• What did Victorian attitudes towards the poor suggest?

  Their predicament was self-made
• How does Scrooge symbolize the capitalist system in A Christmas Carol?

  He denies others access to wealth and opportunity
• What does Bob's fear of asking Scrooge for coal illustrate?

  The dreadful working conditions employees faced
• How does Dickens contrast Scrooge with Mr. Fezziwig?

  By showing the difference in employer kindness
• What does Scrooge's refusal to donate to the poor reveal?

  His support for the workhouse system
• What cycle does Dickens depict regarding poverty in A Christmas Carol?

  The poor cannot easily escape destitution
• What did Victorians contribute to modern Christmas celebrations?

  Christian values of charity and goodwill
• How did the general population begin to celebrate Christmas in the 19th century?

  By embracing the Christian belief in Jesus' birth
• How does Dickens use Christmas in A Christmas Carol?

  To popularize Christmas traditions and values
• What principles does Dickens emphasize in A Christmas Carol?

  Charity, goodwill, benevolence, and family
• What narrative purpose do Marley’s ghost and the three Spirits serve?

  To help Scrooge save himself
• How is Marley symbolic of Christian beliefs?

  He represents purgatory and the need for repentance
• What does the Ghost of Christmas Present represent?

  The positive aspects of Christmas spirit
• What were the causes of high child mortality rates in Victorian England?

  Malnourishment, poverty, and disease
• How did living conditions in cities contribute to child mortality?

  Overcrowding and unsanitary conditions spread illness
• What role did child labor play in Victorian society?

  It perpetuated poverty and limited education
• How did Dickens view capitalism?

  As destructive and harmful to humanity
• How does Dickens depict the consequences of capitalism through Tiny Tim?

  His potential death signifies systemic failures
• What was the idealized view of family life in Victorian England?

  Large families organized along patriarchal lines
• How did family life serve as a retreat in Victorian England?

  It provided stability away from industrial stress
• How did the concept of marriage change by the 19th century?

  It allowed for personal fulfillment and love
• What does Scrooge's reaction to Fred's marriage reveal?

  His disdain for marrying for love
• What literary form became dominant during the Victorian era?

  The novel
• How is A Christmas Carol related to Dickens' longer works?

  It shares themes and techniques with them
• What message does A Christmas Carol convey?

  Everyone is capable of change
• How does A Christmas Carol incorporate Gothic elements?

  It follows ghost story conventions
• What is the significance of the ghosts in A Christmas Carol?

  They guide Scrooge to redemption
• How does Scrooge's transformation reflect Dickens' views?

  It shows the possibility of moral change
• What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution on living and working conditions?

  It often worsened living and working conditions
• How did the Industrial Revolution expand the gap between the upper and lower classes?

  The increase in factory production with lower costs for manufacturers expanded the gap between the upper and lower classes
• What was the impact of the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834?

  It largely prevented money from going directly to the poor
• How were workhouses designed under the Poor Law Amendment Act?

  They were deliberately designed to be cruel so that only the most desperate would enter