alcohols

• What are alcohols classified as in organic chemistry?

  Homologous series of organic compounds
• How do alcohols differ from alkanes?

  Alcohols have an -OH group instead of hydrogen
• What is the naming convention for alcohols?

  Replace the final 'e' with 'ol'
• What are the first four alcohols in the homologous series?

  Methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol
• What is the general formula for alcohols?

  $C_nH_{2n+1}OH$
• What does it mean for alcohols to be soluble?

  They can dissolve in water to form a solution
• What is the pH of alcohol solutions?

  Neutral pH
• What happens when alcohols are oxidized?

  They form carboxylic acids
• How do you write the combustion equation for ethanol?

  C₂H₅OH + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O
• What does flammability mean for alcohols?

  They can undergo complete combustion in air
• Why are alcohols used as fuels?

  They release energy when burned
• What is one common use of alcohols in industry?

  As solvents
• Why are alcohols preferred over water as solvents?

  They can dissolve substances that water can't
• What types of compounds can alcohols dissolve?

  Hydrocarbons and lipid compounds
• What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?

  -COOH
• How does the size of alcohol molecules affect their properties?

  Properties change as molecules get bigger
• What is the result of oxidizing ethanol?

  Formation of acetic acid
• What is the significance of the -OH group in alcohols?

  It defines their chemical properties
• What is the balanced equation for the combustion of butanol?

  C₄H₉OH + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O
• How do the properties of the first four alcohols compare?

  They have similar properties despite size differences
• What is the primary characteristic of alcohols in terms of combustion?

  They undergo complete combustion
• What is the role of oxygen in the oxidation of alcohols?

  It converts alcohols into carboxylic acids
• How can you demonstrate the flammability of alcohols in a lab setting?

  By burning ethanol in a spirit burner
• What is the relationship between alcohols and their combustion products?

  Alcohols produce CO₂ and H₂O when burned
• What is the effect of alcohols on pH when dissolved in water?

  They create a neutral solution
• What is the significance of the -OH group in alcohols?

  It makes them polar and soluble in water
• How do alcohols compare to hydrocarbons in terms of solubility?

  Alcohols are more soluble than hydrocarbons
• What is a common characteristic of the first four alcohols?

  They are all flammable
• What happens to the properties of alcohols as the chain length increases?

  They become less soluble and more viscous
• How would you describe the combustion of alcohols in terms of energy release?

  It releases a significant amount of energy
• How does the structure of alcohols influence their reactivity?

  The -OH group increases their reactivity
• What is the functional group of alcohols?

  -OH
• What is the primary use of alcohols as solvents?

  To dissolve substances that water cannot
• How do alcohols behave in terms of pH when mixed with water?

  They create a neutral pH solution
• What is the result of oxidizing an alcohol like ethanol?

  It forms acetic acid
• What is the significance of the combustion of alcohols in practical applications?

  It provides energy for heating and cooking
• How do the properties of alcohols affect their industrial applications?

  They are versatile solvents and fuels
• What is the primary characteristic of alcohols in terms of their molecular structure?

  They contain an -OH functional group
• How does the presence of the -OH group affect the properties of alcohols?

  It makes them polar and soluble in water
• What is the relationship between alcohols and their combustion products?

  Alcohols produce CO₂ and H₂O when burned