lesson 4- milgram

• What is obedience in social influence?

  A form of social influence following orders
• Who issues the orders in obedience?

  An authority figure with power to punish
• What was the sample size in Milgram's baseline procedure?

  • 40 American men volunteers
  • Told it was a study about memory
• Describe the procedure of Milgram's baseline study.

  • Volunteer introduced to a confederate
  • Researcher pretended to randomly assign roles
  • Confederate always acted as the learner
  • Authority figure present in a grey lab coat
  • Teacher ordered to give electric shocks from 15V to 450V
• What voltage did every participant reach in Milgram's study?

  300V
• What percentage of participants stopped at 300V?

  12.5%
• What qualitative data was collected during Milgram's study?

  Observations of sweating, trembling, stuttering
• What conclusion did Milgram draw about obedience during the Holocaust?

  Obedience is not unique to Germans
• What are the strengths of Milgram's study findings?

  • Replicated in a French documentary
  • Beauvais et al. (2012) found 80% obeyed in a game show
  • Sheridan and King (1972) found 54% of men and 100% of women shocked puppies
• What did Beauvais et al. (2012) find in their study?

  80% delivered maximum shock of 460V
• What was the outcome of Sheridan and King's study with puppies?

  54% of men and 100% of women shocked puppies
• What are the limitations of Milgram's study?

  • Participants may not have believed shocks were real
  • Orne and Holland (1968) argued participants acted on demand characteristics
  • Milgram's conclusion about blind obedience may not be justified
• What did Orne and Holland argue about Milgram's participants?

  Some did not believe the shocks were real
• What did Haslam et al. (2014) find regarding obedience in Milgram's study?

  Participants disobeyed after the fourth prod
• What ethical issues were raised in Milgram's study?

  • Participants were deceived about role allocation
  • Believed shocks were real
  • Ethical concerns about potential consequences of deception
• How did Milgram address the ethical issue of deception?

  By debriefing participants after the study
• What is a potential consequence of using deception in studies?

  Participants may be less inclined to participate
• What is social identity theory in relation to obedience?

  • Participants obey when identifying with research aims
  • Disobey when told to blindly obey authority
  • Provides a more valid interpretation of Milgram's results