Biological

• What are the two types of drug therapies?

  Typical

  Atypical
• Which type of drug therapy is 1st generation?

  Typical
• Which type of drug therapy is 2nd generation?

  Atypical
• When were typical antipsychotics brought about?

  1950s
• What is an example of an atypical antipsychotic?

  Clozapine
• What is an example of a typical antipsychotic?

  Chlorpromazine
• How do typical antipsychotics work?

  Block dopamine receptors at the synapse
• What effect do typical antipsychotics have?

  Calming and sedative
• What symptoms do typical antipsychotics improve?

  Positive symptoms
• What percentage stops taking typical antipsychotics after first year?

  50%
• What is tardive dyskinesia?

  Uncontrollable/abnormal movements of the body
• What are the side effects of typical antipsychotics?

  Dry mouth, constipation, confusion
• What percentage suffer disordered motor movement taking typical antipsychotics?

  20-25%
• What are examples of disordered motor movements?

  Tremors or tardive dyskinesia
• When were atypical antipsychotics brought about?


  1970s
• How do atypical antipsychotics work?

  Block dopamine receptors and act on other neurotransmitters (acetylcholine and serotonin); binding temporarily to D2 dopamine receptors and rapidly disassociate allowing normal dopamine transmission
• What effect do atypical antipsychotics have?

  Reduces side effects
• What are the side effects of atypical antipsychotics?

  Agranulocytosis
• What is agranulocytosis?

  Extreme lowering of white blood cell count - needs blood to be monitored monthly
• Effectiveness: Typical antipsychotics

  Thornley; typical antipsychotics effective

  Drug resistance; not effective for everyone

  Only treats positive symptoms
• What did Thornley do?

  Looked at 50 controlled trials (1,500 participants)
• Effectiveness: Atypical antipsychotics

  Meltzer; effective at reducing symptoms
• What did Meltzer find?

  Clozapine more effective than typical antipsychotics; effective in reducing symptoms