Behaviourist approach

• What are the three key components of the Behaviorism Theory?

  • Stimulus (provided by instructor)
  • Response (by learner)
  • Reinforcement (provided by instructor)
• What does behaviorism focus on?

  Observable behavior changes
• What does the image in the study material illustrate?

  Pavlov's dogs associating bell with food
• How does the Behaviorism Theory explain the relationship between stimulus, response, and reinforcement?

  A stimulus leads to a response, which is then shaped by reinforcement provided by the instructor
• What are the key components of the behaviorism model?

  • Stimulus provided by instructor
  • Learner produces a response
  • Instructor reinforces the behavior
• How can instructors use the Behaviorism Theory to promote effective learning?

  • Provide clear, relevant stimuli
  • Reinforce desired responses
  • Use positive reinforcement to shape behavior
• How does the image illustrate learning in behaviorism?

  Shows stimulus leading to a learner response
• What is the definition of conditioning in behaviorism?

  Associating stimuli and responses
• What does the stimulus-response model illustrate?

  A stimulus triggers a response
• What does behaviorism ignore in its study?

  Mental processes
• What is the key concept of associationism in behaviorism?

  Learning occurs by connecting stimuli and responses
• What is the difference between an unconditioned response and a conditioned response?

  • Unconditioned response: Natural, unlearned response to an unconditioned stimulus
  • Conditioned response: Learned response to a conditioned stimulus
• What happens to a learner's response in behaviorism?

  It is strengthened through reinforcement
• How does the dog's response change from before conditioning to after conditioning?

  The dog goes from an unconditioned response to a conditioned response
• How does social learning theory differ from traditional learning theories?

  It emphasizes learning through observation
• What does the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) trigger?

  The unconditioned response (UCR)
• What are the effective techniques provided by behaviorism?

  Conditioning techniques
• What is the purpose of rewards in operant conditioning?

  To increase a behavior
• What does NS stand for in classical conditioning?

  Neutral stimulus
• What is the purpose of punishment in operant conditioning?

  To decrease a behavior
• How do operant conditioning processes differ from classical conditioning?

  Operant conditioning involves active choices and consequences
• What does the Behaviorism Theory state is the key driver of learning?

  Reinforcement provided by the instructor
• How does learning occur in behaviorism?

  Through the stimulus-response model
• What are the two main types of consequences in operant conditioning?

  • Rewards introduced to increase a behavior
  • Punishment introduced to decrease a behavior
• What are the key differences between rewards and punishment in operant conditioning?

  • Rewards are used to increase a behavior, while punishment is used to decrease a behavior.
  • Rewards are positive consequences, while punishment is a negative consequence.
  • Rewards motivate the individual to repeat the behavior, while punishment discourages the individual from repeating the behavior.
• What are the key components of operant conditioning?

  • Voluntary behavior
  • Positive reinforcement (rewards)
  • Negative reinforcement (removing punishment)
  • Learning through consequences
• What is the focus of operant conditioning?

  Learning through voluntary behavior
• What role does the instructor play in behaviorism?

  Provides stimulus and reinforces behavior
• What is the name of the experiment described in the image?

  Pavlov's Dog Experiment
• How do we learn behaviors according to social learning theory?

  By watching others and imitating behaviors
• What are the key differences between the stages of conditioning shown in the image?

  • Before conditioning: Unconditioned stimulus (food) leads to unconditioned response
  • During conditioning: Unconditioned stimulus (food) paired with neutral stimulus (bell)
  • After conditioning: Conditioned stimulus (bell) now leads to conditioned response
• What does classical conditioning create between stimuli and responses?

  Learned associations
• How do the four main factors interact in social learning theory?

  The four factors (behavior, personal, and environmental) interact in a reciprocal manner to influence learning and behavior
• What is the unconditioned stimulus shown in the image?

  Food
• What is the relationship between UCR and CR in classical conditioning?

  UCR becomes CR after conditioning
• What are the stages of conditioning shown in the image?

  • Before conditioning
  • During conditioning
  • After conditioning
• How does operant conditioning fail in training a dog?

  It ignores the dog's motivation or understanding
• What influences the behaviors we observe and imitate?

  Social context shapes our observations
• Why is behaviorism considered scientific?

  It focuses on empirical evidence
• What are the weaknesses of behaviorism?

  • Ignores cognition: Disregards thoughts and feelings
  • Limited scope: Cannot explain complex behaviors
  • Deterministic: Overlooks free will