Vaccines, Antivirals, and Immunity

• What are the two sources of passive immunity?

  Maternal transfer and artificial injection
• What are the four main types of immunity shown in the image?

  • Active Immunity
  • Passive Immunity
  • Natural Immunity
  • Vaccination
  • Maternal Immunity
  • Artificial Immunity
• How does active immunity differ from passive immunity?

  Active immunity involves the body's own immune system producing antibodies, while passive immunity involves receiving antibodies from an external source
• What are the two types of immunity in the immune system?

  Active immunity and passive immunity
• What is the main difference between natural immunity and vaccination?

  Natural immunity is acquired through exposure to a pathogen, while vaccination involves receiving a weakened or inactivated form of the pathogen
• What is the main difference between maternal immunity and artificial immunity?

  Maternal immunity is acquired naturally from the mother, while artificial immunity is acquired through medical intervention like vaccines
• How do natural exposure and vaccination contribute to active immunity?

  They help the body learn to fight pathogens
• What is maternal transfer in passive immunity?

  Transfer of antibodies from mother to fetus
• What is the duration of active immunity?

  Long-term
• What is the role of antibodies in passive immunity?

  They are preformed antibodies received from others
• What is the duration of passive immunity?

  Short-term
• How does Active Immunity work?

  It involves fighting germs and learning to defend.
• What is a key characteristic of borrowed immunity (Passive Immunity)?

  It provides immediate help but doesn't last long.
• How can immunity be acquired?

  Through active and passive immunity
• What are the differences between Active and Passive Immunity?

  • Active Immunity:
  • Body builds its own defense
  • Long-lasting protection
  • Involves vaccines or infections

  
  

  • Passive Immunity:
  • Receives defense from another source
  • Immediate but short-term protection
  • Can be from mother or injections
• What is a vaccine in the context of Active Immunity?

  A shot that teaches the body to build immunity.
• What is the term for the immunity that involves receiving defense from another source?

  Passive Immunity
• How does Passive Immunity work?

  It involves borrowing immunity from another person.
• What do B-lymphocytes produce?

  Specific antibodies against pathogens
• What type of immunity develops when the immune system learns to recognize antigens?

  Active immunity
• How can a person receive Passive Immunity from a doctor?

  Through a special injection.
• What protects our bodies from harmful invaders?

  Immune systems
• What are the key differences between active and passive immunity?

  • Active Immunity:
  • Body produces antibodies/immune cells after exposure
  • Sources: Natural infection, vaccination
  • Immune memory: Yes
  • Duration: Long-lasting
  • Onset of protection: Slower (days to weeks)

  
  

  • Passive Immunity:
  • Receives pre-formed antibodies from another source
  • Sources: Maternal transfer, artificial injection
  • Immune memory: No
  • Duration: Temporary (weeks to months)
  • Onset of protection: Immediate
• What happens during natural infection in terms of immunity?

  The immune system learns to fight the pathogen
• How can a baby receive Passive Immunity before birth?

  Through the mother before being born.
• What are harmful invaders called?

  Pathogens
• What is the function of the "killer cell" in the primary immune response?

  • Cytotoxic T cell destroys infected body cells
• What do B-cells produce to neutralize pathogens?

  Antibodies
• How can active immunity be compared to passive immunity in simple terms?

  Active immunity trains your own army; passive borrows one
• How does maternal immunity work?

  • Antibodies are passed from mother to child during pregnancy and breastfeeding
  • Provides temporary protection for the newborn before their own immune system develops
  • Wanes over time as the child's immune system matures
• What is passive immunity?

  Immunity acquired from pre-formed antibodies
• What is the role of the B-lymphocyte in the primary immune response?

  • Plasma cells produced by proliferating B-lymphocytes secrete specific antibodies
  • Memory cells can later induce the secondary immune response upon renewed contact with the same pathogen
• What is the name of the cells that produce the specific antibodies against the antigen?

  Plasma cells
• What is the name of the virus that is referred to as the "antigen" in the image?

  I.E. a virus
• How do maternal antibodies protect newborns?

  They transfer antibodies during pregnancy
• What is the main benefit of passive immunity?

  It provides immediate protection
• Why must the potential risks of live vaccines be managed carefully?

  Due to the risk of reversion to virulence
• What is a pathogen?

  A harmful agent like a virus
• Why is passive immunity considered temporary?

  Body doesn’t remember the antigens
• How can passive immunity be acquired?

  Through maternal transfer and artificial injection