Kidneys

• What do the kidneys filter from the blood?

  Waste products
• Besides urea, what other waste products do kidneys excrete?

  Creatinine, uric acid, excess water, salts, ions
• How do the kidneys help maintain homeostasis in the body?

  By regulating water balance, electrolyte levels, and acid-base balance
• What is the final product produced by the kidneys?

  Urine
• What is the outer region of the kidney called?

  Cortex
• What structures are contained in the kidney cortex?

  Glomeruli, proximal convoluted tubules, distal convoluted tubules
• What is the role of the cortex in kidney function?

  Filtering blood and reabsorbing substances
• What is the inner region of the kidney called?

  Medulla
• What structures are found in the kidney medulla?

  Renal pyramids, loops of Henle, collecting ducts
• What is the primary function of the medulla?

  Concentrating urine and maintaining water balance
• What is the functional unit of the kidney?

  Nephron
• What processes are involved in nephron function?

  Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
• What are the main parts of the nephron?

  Bowman’s capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct
• What role does each part of the nephron play?

  Filtering blood, reabsorbing vital substances, secreting waste
• What occurs during ultrafiltration in the Bowman’s capsule?

  Blood is filtered based on size
• What is the glomerulus?

  A network of capillaries in the kidney
• What molecules are filtered out into the Bowman’s capsule?

  Water, small ions, urea, glucose, amino acids
• What remains in the blood after filtration?

  Proteins, blood cells
• Why isn't carbon dioxide filtered out in the Bowman’s capsule?

  It is a gas carried to the lungs