stages

• What is the overall purpose of respiration?

  To produce ATP
• What is glycolysis?

  The first stage of aerobic and anaerobic respiration
• Where does glycolysis occur?

  In the cytoplasm
• Why does glycolysis not require oxygen?

  It occurs in the cytoplasm and doesn't need oxygen
• How many ATP molecules are used in the phosphorylation of glucose?

  Two ATP molecules
• What happens to glucose during the first step of glycolysis?

  It is phosphorylated to form glucose phosphate
• What is the product of glucose phosphorylation?

  Glucose phosphate
• What is triose phosphate?

  A three-carbon sugar with a phosphate group
• What is produced when triose phosphate is oxidized?

  Pyruvate and reduced NAD (NADH)
• What does NAD do during glycolysis?

  Picks up hydrogen from triose phosphate
• What is the significance of NAD being reduced?

  It gains an electron and becomes NADH
• How many molecules of ATP are produced from glycolysis?

  Four ATP molecules
• What is the net gain of ATP from glycolysis?

  Two ATP molecules
• What happens to pyruvate after glycolysis?

  It is actively transported into the mitochondrial matrix
• What are the two reduced molecules produced in glycolysis?

  Two reduced NADH molecules
• What will the reduced NADH be used for?

  In the final step of oxidative phosphorylation
• What are the key steps of glycolysis?

  1. Phosphorylation of glucose using 2 ATP
  2. Formation of glucose phosphate
  3. Splitting of glucose phosphate into two triose phosphate
  4. Oxidation of triose phosphate to form pyruvate
  5. Production of 2 ATP and 2 NADH