topic 5 the uks evolving human landscape

• What is the main focus of the UK Human Landscape topic?

  Why places and people in the UK are changing
• Where is population density highest in the UK?

  In urban cores like London and Glasgow
• What are conurbations?

  Towns merged to form continuous urban areas
• What characterizes upland areas in the UK?

  They are mostly rural and sparsely populated
• Which areas are mentioned as rural in the UK?

  Southwest and north of England, Northern Ireland
• What is the economic activity like in urban cores?

  Higher concentration of economic activity
• What percentage of jobs in cities are found in urban core areas?

  60%
• What sectors provide main employment opportunities in urban cores?

  Tertiary and manufacturing sectors
• Why do many people live in cities?

  More job availability and better pay
• What characterizes job opportunities in rural areas?

  Fewer job opportunities compared to urban areas
• What industries are more common in rural areas?

  Primary industries like farming and fishing
• What is a commuter settlement?

  Rural areas where people travel to urban jobs
• What is the age structure difference between urban and rural areas?

  Urban areas have more younger people
• Where do older people tend to move when they retire?

  To rural areas for a peaceful environment
• What are some problems faced by rural areas in the UK?

  High levels of poverty and lack of services
• Which rural areas struggle economically?

  North Wales and northwest Scotland
• What happens to rural services in struggling areas?

  They can no longer be supported
• What is the impact of deindustrialization in rural areas?

  High unemployment and lack of new jobs
• What is the purpose of UK and EU government policies?

  To reduce wealth differences between areas
• How many Enterprise Zones has the UK government created?

  55
• What benefits do companies receive in Enterprise Zones?

  Reduced taxes and improved infrastructure
• What is the goal of creating Enterprise Zones?

  To encourage companies to locate in high unemployment areas
• What is HS2?

  A high-speed rail line linking major cities
• How does improved transport infrastructure benefit rural areas?

  Encourages business investment and job creation
• What was the role of the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)?

  To promote growth in poorer rural areas
• What is the Sustainable Farming Incentive (SED)?

  A scheme to improve food production sustainability
• What drives population growth in the UK?

  Natural increase and migration
• What trend occurred between 1970 and 1982 regarding migration?

  More people left the UK than moved to it
• What has happened to net migration since 1983?

  More people have moved to the UK than left
• Where do young national and international migrants typically move?

  To major cities for jobs and universities
• What is counter-urbanisation?

  Wealthy people moving to rural areas
• Where do many older people move when they retire?

  To coastal areas in the east and southwest
• How does migration affect the age structure of the UK?

  Increases the birth rate and young population
• What percentage of the UK population do immigrants make up?

  About 13%
• What was the UK's immigration policy after WWII?

  Encouraged immigration from Commonwealth countries
• What has been the impact of work permits for skilled migrants?

  Many highly skilled migrants come to the UK
• What percentage of Leicester's population is of Indian heritage?

  29%
• What happened to the proportion of non-British white people from 2001 to 2011?

  Increased more than any ethnic group
• How has international immigration affected UK culture?

  Increased cultural diversity with new influences
• What has happened to jobs in primary industries since 1960?

  They have decreased significantly