Genes and the genetic code

• What is the name of the molecule shown in the image?

  gene (DNA)
• What are the key differences between the structure and function of DNA and RNA?

  • DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded
  • DNA stores genetic information, while RNA carries the information for protein synthesis
  • DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA contains the sugar ribose
  • DNA uses the base thymine, while RNA uses the base uracil
• What is the purpose of the exons and introns in a gene?

  Exons contain the coding sequences, while introns are non-coding regions that are removed during splicing
• What is the purpose of the promoter region in a gene?

  It initiates transcription of the gene
• What are introns in a gene?

  Non-coding regions of DNA
• What are the main components of a gene?

  • Promoter
  • Exons
  • Introns
  • Transcription
• How does the process of transcription and translation convert the genetic information in a gene into a functional protein?

  • Transcription: DNA is transcribed into mRNA
  • Splicing: Introns are removed from the mRNA
  • Translation: mRNA is translated into an amino acid chain
  • Posttranslational modification: The amino acid chain folds into a 3D protein structure
• How do exons and introns differ in their roles in a gene?

  Exons code for proteins; introns do not
• What are the key differences between the structure and function of DNA and RNA?

  • DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded
  • DNA stores genetic information, while RNA carries the information for protein synthesis
  • DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA contains the sugar ribose
  • DNA uses the base thymine, while RNA uses the base uracil
• How do the exons and introns in a gene contribute to the final protein structure?

  Exons contain the coding sequences that are translated into the amino acid sequence, while introns are removed during splicing and do not contribute to the final protein
• How do the exons and introns in a gene contribute to the final protein structure?

  Exons contain the coding sequences that are translated into the amino acid sequence, while introns are removed during splicing and do not contribute to the final protein
• What are exons in a gene?

  Coding regions of DNA
• What happens to introns before protein formation?

  They are removed
• What is a gene?

  A specific DNA sequence coding for a protein
• What does a gene carry instructions for?

  Making a particular protein
• What are the two main sections of genes?

  Exons and introns
• What are the components of a gene's structure on DNA?

  • Exons: coding regions
  • Introns: non-coding regions (removed before protein formation)
• How does a gene determine a trait?

  By coding for a specific protein
• What happens during transcription?

  DNA is copied to RNA
• What is the abbreviation for Threonine?

  Thr
• What is the name of the molecule shown in the image?

  gene (DNA)
• What are the main components of a gene?

  • Promoter
  • Exons
  • Introns
  • Transcription
• What are the three stages of protein translation?

  Initiation, Elongation, Termination
• What is splicing in gene expression?

  Removal of introns from RNA
• What is the purpose of the exons and introns in a gene?

  Exons contain the coding sequences, while introns are non-coding regions that are removed during splicing
• What is the abbreviation for Serine?

  Ser
• How does the structure of genes affect gene expression?

  It allows precise control by removing unnecessary sections
• What is the process of gene expression from DNA to protein?

  1. Transcription: DNA is copied to RNA
  2. Splicing: Introns are removed, exons are retained
  3. Translation: mRNA is used to synthesize proteins
• What is the abbreviation for Cysteine?

  Cys
• What is the abbreviation for Arginine?

  Arg
• What do codons specify in the genetic code?

  A particular amino acid
• What are the four nucleotides that make up RNA?

  • Adenine (A)
  • Cytosine (C)
  • Guanine (G)
  • Uracil (U)
• What is the abbreviation for Phenylalanine?


  Phe
• How would the DNA sequence TCTAGA be read?

  As TCT (Ser), AGA (Arg)
• What is the result of splicing?

  Creation of mRNA from exons
• What are the four nucleotides that make up DNA?

  • Adenine (A)
  • Cytosine (C)
  • Guanine (G)
  • Thymine (T)
• Why are different types of genes important for organisms?

  They ensure proper cell functions and development
• What is the role of tRNA in the translation process?

  • tRNA brings the first amino acid to bind to the start codon on mRNA
  • tRNAs bring amino acids one by one to add to the polypeptide chain
• What is the abbreviation for Glycine?

  Gly
• What defines the continuous regions read during protein formation?

  Exons