Identify elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

• What is the building block of carbohydrates?

  Monosaccharide
• What are the key functions of each of the four main classes of biomolecules?

  • Carbohydrates: Provide energy
  • Lipids: Energy storage, protection, insulation
  • Proteins: Structural components, muscle tissue, transport, immunity, regulates proteins
  • Nucleic Acids: Store cellular information in the form of a code
• Which elements are found in carbohydrates?

  Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
• What is the main function of nucleic acids?

  Stores cellular info in code
• What are biomolecules?

  Large organic molecules made from elements
• Which elements are found in lipids?

  Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
• What is the chemical formula of the molecule shown on the left?

  CH2OH(CHOH)4CH2OH
• What is the building block of proteins?

  Amino acids
• Which elements are found in proteins?

  Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur
• What type of molecule is the one shown on the right?

  • Carbohydrate
  • Sugar alcohol
• How do peptide bonds form in proteins?

  By linking amino acids together
• Which additional elements do proteins contain?

  Nitrogen and sulfur
• How many main types of biomolecules are there?

  Four main types
• How do the physical and chemical properties of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons differ?

  • Saturated hydrocarbons are generally more stable and less reactive
  • Unsaturated hydrocarbons are more reactive due to the presence of double/triple bonds
  • Unsaturated hydrocarbons typically have lower melting and boiling points compared to saturated hydrocarbons of similar molecular weight
• What are the functional groups present in the molecule on the left?

  • Hydroxyl (-OH) groups
  • Aldehyde (-CHO) group
• What is the key difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

  • Saturated: single carbon bonds, maximum hydrogen atoms, solid at room temperature
  • Unsaturated: double carbon bonds, fewer hydrogen atoms, liquid at room temperature
• What is the maximum number of hydrogen atoms in saturated fatty acids?

  They have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms
• Why must proteins contain nitrogen?

  Because nitrogen is essential for amino acids
• What atoms are found in the phosphate group shown in the image?

  Oxygen and phosphorus
• What is the state of unsaturated fatty acids at room temperature?

  Liquid
• Based on the image, what type of bond connects the pentose sugar to the nitrogenous base?

  A bond is implied in the image
• What is DNA built from?

  Nucleotides
• What are the three main components of a nucleotide as depicted in the image?

  • Phosphate group
  • Pentose sugar
  • Nitrogenous base
• What is the main function of carbohydrates?

  To provide energy
• Which element is NOT found in DNA?

  Calcium
• What forms the information-carrying part of DNA?

  Nitrogenous bases
• What are the building blocks and the elements of the 4 main biomolecules?

  • Carbohydrates: Monosaccharide, C, H, O
  • Lipids: Fatty acids, C, H, O
  • Proteins: Amino acids, C, H, O, N, S
  • Nucleic Acids: Nucleotides, C, H, N, P
• What type of molecule is the one shown on the left?

  Carbohydrate
• What elements are common in biomolecules?

  Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
• What type of bonds do unsaturated fatty acids have between carbon atoms?

  Double bonds
• What are the four main classes of biomolecules?

  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Nucleic Acids
• Which elements are found in nucleic acids?

  Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus
• What is the building block of nucleic acids?

  Nucleotides
• What is the ratio of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen in carbohydrates?

  1:2:1
• How do the hydrogen atoms in unsaturated fatty acids compare to saturated fatty acids?

  Unsaturated fatty acids have fewer hydrogen atoms
• What type of groups are present in the open-chain form of glucose?

  Aldehydes and hydroxyl groups
• What is the molecular formula for glucose?

  C₆H₁₂O₆
• What are the functions of proteins?

  Structural, muscle contraction, O2 transport, immunity
• What is the general structure of a nucleotide?

  • A phosphate group is attached to the 5' carbon of a pentose sugar
  • A nitrogenous base is attached to the 1' carbon of the pentose sugar
• How do the arrangements of elements in lipids differ from carbohydrates?

  They have different arrangements of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen