Lecture 6: Cardiovascular System

• What are the main components of the cardiovascular system?

  Heart and blood vessels
• What do lymphatic vessels transport?

  Lymph alongside the blood vessels
• Where do significant changes occur in the cardiovascular system?

  At arterial branching points
• What shape is a dog's heart?

  Ovoid
• What percentage of body weight does a dog's heart contribute?

  0.7%
• Between which ribs is a dog's heart located?

  3rd and 7th rib
• Where is a cat's heart located?

  Between 3rd or 4th and 6th or 7th ribs
• What is notable about a cattle's heart?

  Very fatty with a pointed apex
• From which intercostal spaces does a cattle's heart extend?

  2nd to 5th intercostal spaces
• What is the apex shape of a sheep's heart?

  Pointed
• Between which ribs is a sheep's heart located?

  3rd and 6th rib
• What shape is a horse's heart?

  Laterally compressed cone
• Where does a horse's heart lie?

  Ventral part of the middle mediastinum
• Between which intercostal spaces does a horse's heart commonly extend?

  2nd to 6th intercostal spaces
• What percentage of body weight does a pig's heart contribute?

  0.3%
• Where does a pig's heart occupy in the thoracic cavity?

  Ventral half
• What is the apex shape of a pig's heart?

  Double
• How many chambers does a bird's heart have?

  Four chambers
• What is the shape of a bird's heart?

  Conical
• Which ventricle forms the apex of a bird's heart?

  Left ventricle
• What surfaces of a bird's heart are in contact with the liver?

  Dorsal and lateral aspects
• What does the right atrium of a bird's heart receive?

  Caudal vena cava and cranial venae cavae
• What does the left atrium of a bird's heart receive?

  Oxygenated blood via single common pulmonary vein
• How do the ventricles of a bird's heart compare to those of mammals?

  Similar to mammalian heart
• What does the cardiac skeleton consist of?

  Rings surrounding the four heart openings
• In which animals is the cardiac skeleton commonly found?

  Cattle, older horses, and other mammals
• What does the left coronary artery give rise to in dogs?

  Paraconal and subsinousal branches
• From which coronary artery does the subsinousal interventricular branch usually arise in cats?

  Usually from the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery
• What does the left coronary artery give rise to in ruminants?

  Paraconal and subsinousal branches
• What does the right coronary artery give rise to in horses?

  Subsinousal interventricular branch
• What does the right coronary artery give rise to in pigs?

  Subsinousal interventricular branch
• What arteries arise separately from the aortic arch in dogs?

  Brachiocephalic and left subclavian arteries
• What artery arises from the aortic arch in ruminants?

  Only brachiocephalic artery
• What arteries arise from the brachiocephalic trunk in ruminants?

  Both subclavian arteries
• What arteries arise from the aortic arch in horses?

  Only brachiocephalic artery
• What arteries arise separately from the aortic arch in pigs?

  Brachiocephalic and left subclavian arteries
• How many branches do dogs have in their subclavian arteries?

  Four branches
• How many branches do ruminants have in their subclavian arteries?

  Only three branches
• How many branches does a horse's left subclavian artery have?

  Five branches
• How many branches do pigs have in their subclavian arteries?

  Only three branches