A03

Cards (21)

  • What systems work together to control vital functions in the body?
    The endocrine and nervous systems
  • How does the speed of the endocrine system compare to the nervous system?
    The endocrine system acts more slowly
  • What do various glands in the body produce?
    Hormones
  • How do hormones affect cells in the body?
    They affect any cell with a receptor
  • What is a consequence of hormones affecting multiple body organs?
    It leads to diverse and powerful responses
  • What hormone does the thyroid gland produce?
    Thyroxine
  • What effect does thyroxine have on the heart?
    It increases heart rate
  • How does thyroxine affect metabolic rates?
    It increases metabolic rates
  • What does an increase in metabolic rates affect?
    It affects growth rates
  • What is the key endocrine gland in the body?
    The pituitary gland
  • Why is the pituitary gland called the 'master gland'?
    It controls hormone release from other glands
  • How do the endocrine system and ANS work together during stress?
    They activate the fight or flight response
  • What part of the brain activates the pituitary gland during stress?
    The hypothalamus
  • What happens to the ANS during a stressful event?
    It shifts from parasympathetic to sympathetic
  • What hormone is released from the adrenal medulla?
    Adrenaline
  • What physiological changes does adrenaline trigger?
    Increased heart rate and arousal
  • What type of response is triggered when a threat is detected?
    An acute and automatic response
  • How does the parasympathetic nervous system act after a threat has passed?
    It returns the body to its resting state
  • What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in relation to the sympathetic system?
    It acts as a 'brake' to reduce activities
  • What are the physiological changes associated with the sympathetic response?
    • Increased heart rate
    • Dilated pupils
    • Increased blood flow to muscles
    • Decreased digestion
    • Increased energy availability
  • What are the differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?
    Sympathetic:
    • Activates fight or flight response
    • Increases heart rate and energy

    Parasympathetic:
    • Promotes rest and digest
    • Decreases heart rate and conserves energy