A01

• What did Sigmund Freud suggest about the conscious mind?

  It is the 'tip of the iceberg'
• What comprises most of our mind according to Freud?

  The unconscious mind
• What influences our behaviour and personality according to Freud?

  Unconscious biological drives and instincts
• What does the unconscious mind contain?

  Repressed memories and biological drives
• How can repressed memories be accessed?

  During dreams or slips of the tongue
• What is the preconscious mind?

  Thoughts accessible but not currently aware
• How did Freud describe personality?

  As tripartite, composed of three parts
• What is the Id according to Freud?

  The primitive part of our personality
• What principle does the Id operate on?

  The pleasure principle
• What does the Id demand?

  Instant gratification of its needs
• When does the Ego develop?

  Around the age of two years
• What is the role of the Ego?

  Mediates between Id and Superego
• When is the Superego formed?

  At the end of the phallic stage
• What does the Superego represent?

  Internalised sense of right and wrong
• What principle does the Superego operate on?

  The morality principle
• What happens if a child does not resolve a psychosexual conflict?

  They become fixated at that stage
• What are the five psychosexual stages of development according to Freud?

  1. Oral stage
  2. Anal stage
  3. Phallic stage
  4. Latency stage
  5. Genital stage
• What aids the Ego in balancing demands?

  Defence mechanisms
• What is the nature of defence mechanisms?

  They are unconscious and distort reality
• Why are defence mechanisms regarded as unhealthy long-term?

  They distort reality and are temporary solutions