A01

• How is 'normal' defined statistically?

  By how often we encounter it
• What does statistical infrequency mean?

  Usual behavior is 'normal', unusual is 'abnormal'
• How does the statistical approach apply to intelligence?

  Majority cluster around the average score
• What is the average IQ score set at?

  100
• What percentage of people have an IQ between 85 and 115?

  68%
• What percentage of people score below 70 on the IQ scale?

  2%
• What psychological disorder is associated with scoring below 70?

  Intellectual disability disorder (IDD)
• What does deviation from social norms mean?

  Behavior differs from societal expectations
• How do social norms vary?

  They differ by culture and generation
• What was considered abnormal in the past regarding homosexuality?

  It was viewed as abnormal and illegal
• What law did Brunei introduce in April 2019?

  Made sex between men punishable by stoning
• What is a key symptom of antisocial personality disorder?

  Absence of prosocial internal standards
• Why is psychopathic behavior considered abnormal?

  It fails to conform to moral standards
• How is psychopathic behavior viewed across cultures?

  Considered abnormal in many cultures
• What is described as a failure to function adequately?

  Inability to cope with everyday life demands
• When might we decide someone is not functioning adequately?

  When they cannot maintain nutrition and hygiene
• What are signs of failing to function adequately according to Rosenhan and Seligman?

  Not conforming to interpersonal rules, severe distress
• What does it mean if a person's behavior is irrational or dangerous?

  They may be failing to function adequately
• What is one criterion for diagnosing intellectual disability disorder?

  Having a very low IQ
• Why is a diagnosis of intellectual disability disorder not made solely on low IQ?

  Individual must also fail to function adequately
• What is the concept of deviation from ideal mental health?

  Identifying who deviates from psychological health standards
• Who proposed the criteria for ideal mental health?

  Marie Jahoda
• What is one criterion of ideal mental health according to Jahoda?

  No symptoms or distress
• What does it mean to self-actualize in the context of mental health?

  Striving to reach one's potential
• Why is coping with stress important for mental health?

  It indicates resilience and adaptability
• What does having a realistic view of the world entail?

  Understanding situations as they truly are
• Why is good self-esteem important for mental health?

  It helps in maintaining a positive self-image
• What does independence from other people signify in mental health?

  Ability to function without reliance on others
• What does successfully working, loving, and enjoying leisure indicate?

  Ability to engage in fulfilling activities
• How do failure to function adequately and deviation from ideal mental health overlap?

  • Both assess mental health status
  • Inability to keep a job can indicate both
  • Failure to cope can reflect deviation from ideal