A03

• What is one strength of statistical infrequency?

  Its usefulness in clinical practice
• How is statistical infrequency used in clinical practice?

  For formal diagnosis and symptom assessment
• What IQ score is required for a diagnosis of intellectual disability disorder?

  Below 70
• What percentage of the population does an IQ below 70 represent?

  Bottom 2%
• What score on the BDI indicates severe depression?

  30+
• What percentage of respondents does a BDI score of 30+ represent?

  Top 5%
• Why can unusual characteristics be considered positive?

  Because they do not always indicate abnormality
• What is the implication of having an IQ above 130?

  It is not considered abnormal
• How do low depression scores on the BDI relate to abnormality?

  They are not considered abnormal
• What does the text suggest about using statistical infrequency alone to define abnormality?

  It is insufficient as the sole basis
• What are the key uses of statistical infrequency in clinical practice?

  • Formal diagnosis
  • Assessing severity of symptoms
• What are the limitations of statistical infrequency in defining abnormality?

  • Unusual characteristics can be positive
  • Not sufficient alone for defining abnormality
• What is one strength of deviation from social norms?

  Its usefulness in clinical practice
• How is deviation from social norms applied in clinical practice?

  It helps define mental disorders like antisocial personality disorder
• What is a key characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?

  Failure to conform to ethical behavior
• What behaviors are associated with antisocial personality disorder?

  Recklessness, aggression, deceitfulness
• How does deviation from social norms relate to schizotypal personality disorder?

  It characterizes their thinking, behavior, and appearance as 'strange'
• What does the term 'strange' signify in the context of schizotypal personality disorder?

  It describes atypical thinking, behavior, and appearance
• What is a limitation of deviation from social norms?

  Variability of social norms across cultures and situations
• How can cultural differences affect the labeling of abnormal behavior?

  A person may use their cultural standards to judge others
• How is the experience of hearing voices perceived in some cultures?

  As messages from ancestors
• How is hearing voices viewed in most parts of the UK?

  As a sign of abnormality
• How do social norms differ within a cultural context?

  They vary from one situation to another
• Why is aggressive behavior viewed differently in family life compared to corporate deal-making?

  It is more socially unacceptable in family life
• What challenge does variability in social norms present in psychology?

  Difficulties in judging deviation across cultures
• What is one strength of the failure to function criterion?

  It represents a sensible threshold for help
• What percentage of people in the UK experience a mental health problem annually?

  About 25%
• Why do many people delay seeking professional help for mental health issues?

  They press on despite severe symptoms
• What does the failure to function criterion allow for in terms of treatment?

  It targets treatment to those who need it most
• What is one limitation of the failure to function criterion regarding lifestyle choices?

  It can label non-standard choices as abnormal
• Why is it difficult to determine if someone is failing to function?

  It can be confused with lifestyle deviations
• How might alternative lifestyles be misinterpreted under the failure to function criterion?

  They could be seen as failing to function
• What risk do people with unusual choices face regarding their mental health?

  They may be labeled abnormal and restricted
• How can high-risk leisure activities be viewed under the failure to function criterion?

  They could be labeled as irrational or dangerous
• What might happen to individuals who choose to live 'off-grid'?

  They could be seen as failing to function
• What is one strength of the ideal mental health criterion?

  It is highly comprehensive
• What does Jahoda's concept of 'ideal mental health' include?

  A range of criteria for mental health
• Why is the ideal mental health criterion meaningful for discussions with professionals?

  It allows meaningful discussions across theoretical views
• What is the role of the failure to function criterion in mental health treatment?

  It helps identify those needing professional help
• How might a medically-trained psychiatrist approach mental health?

  By focusing on symptoms