types of long-term memory

• three types of LTM

  episodic

  semantic

  procedural
• who propose the three types of lTM

  Tulving (1985)
• why did tulving research the types of LTM

  he believed the multi-store model's view of LTM was too simplistic and inflexible
• what is episodic memory

  a store of personal events and complex memories
• examples of episodic memory

  concerts, what you ate for breakfast, your birthday party etc
• features of episodic memory

  time stamped

  recalled consciously

  complex
• where is episodic memory stored

  the prefrontal cortex
• what is the semantic memory

  contains our shared knowledge of the world
• what does the semantic memory include

  general knowledge, facts, meanings
• features of semantic memory

  not time-stamped

  less personal

  less vulnerable to distortion and forgetting
• what is time-stamping

  how well we can recall a specific time and place of a memory
• where is semantic memory stored

  stored in the prefrontal cortex
• what is procedural memory

  our memory for actions and skills of how we do things
• features of procedural memory

  recalled unconsciously

  recalled without much effort (eventually)

  hard to explain/teach to others
• where is procedural memory stored

  in the cerebellum
• who is Clive wearing

  a man who had a severe case of amnesia

  can be used to support Tulvings three stores of LTM
• strengths of Tulving

  research evidence (Clive wearing and case of HM)

  real world application- can be used to help people with memory problems
• limitations of Tulving

  clinical studies lack control

  conflicting research- Cohen and Squire disagree with the division of the LTM, argue semantic and episodic memory are stored together
• who was Clive wearing

  Clive wearing had a severe case of amnesia that resulted from a viral infection that affected his brain, damaging the hippocampus and associated areas
• impact of amnesia on Clive wearing

  episodic memory was impaired

  he had trouble recalling the past

  semantic and procedure memory was unaffected

  but still knew how to conduct music and play the piano
• how does the case of Clive wearing support Tulving

  supports Tulvings idea that episodic and semantic memories are stored in separate parts of the brain