A01

• Who discovered that specific brain areas are linked to functions?

  Paul Broca and Karl Wernicke
• What theory did scientists support before Broca and Wernicke's findings?

  The holistic theory of the brain
• What is the concept of localisation of function?

  Different brain parts perform different tasks
• What happens if a specific brain area is damaged?

  The function associated with that area is affected
• What are the two halves of the brain called?

  Left and right hemisphere
• What is lateralisation in the brain?

  Control of functions by specific hemispheres
• Which hemisphere controls the left side of the body?

  The right hemisphere
• Which hemisphere is linked to language?

  The left hemisphere
• What is the outer layer of the brain called?

  The cerebral cortex
• What are the four lobes of the brain?

  • Frontal lobe
  • Parietal lobe
  • Occipital lobe
  • Temporal lobe
• What does the motor area control?

  Voluntary movement in the opposite body side
• What is the consequence of damage to the motor area?

  Loss of control over fine movements
• Where is the somatosensory area located?

  At the front of both parietal lobes
• What does the somatosensory area represent?

  Sensory information from the skin
• What indicates the sensitivity of a body part in the somatosensory area?

  The amount of area devoted to it
• Where is the visual area located?

  In the occipital lobe at the back of the brain
• How does visual information travel from the eyes to the brain?

  Right field to left cortex, left field to right cortex
• What can damage to the left hemisphere cause?

  Blindness in part of the right visual field
• What does the auditory area analyze?

  Speech-based information
• What happens if the auditory area is damaged?

  Partial hearing loss may occur
• What is Wernicke's area responsible for?

  Language understanding
• What is Broca's area responsible for?

  Speech production
• What is Broca's aphasia characterized by?

  Slow, laborious, and non-fluent speech
• Who was Broca's most famous patient?

  'Tan'
• What difficulties do people with Wernicke's aphasia face?

  Understanding language despite fluent speech
• What do people with Wernicke's aphasia often produce?

  Nonsense words (neologisms)
• What are the key functions associated with the brain's lobes?

  • Frontal lobe: Speech production, motor control
  • Parietal lobe: Sensory information processing
  • Occipital lobe: Visual processing
  • Temporal lobe: Auditory processing, language comprehension