A03

• What is one strength of research into circadian rhythms?

  It helps understand consequences of disruption.
• What happens to night workers around 6 in the morning?

  They experience reduced concentration.
• How does reduced concentration affect night workers?

  It increases mistakes and accidents.
• How much more likely are shift workers to develop heart disease?

  Three times more likely.
• What implication does research into the sleep/wake cycle have for workers?

  It can improve worker productivity management.
• What is a limitation of studies on shift work effects?

  They often use correlational methods.
• What did Charlene Solomon conclude about shift workers' divorce rates?

  They may be due to sleep deprivation strain.
• What does the research suggest about biological factors and shift work consequences?

  They may not be the primary cause.
• What is one strength of research into circadian rhythms in medicine?

  It improves medical treatments.
• What processes do circadian rhythms coordinate?

  Heart rate, digestion, and hormone levels.
• What is chronotherapeutics?

  Administering treatment according to biological rhythms.
• When is aspirin most effective for heart attack treatment?

  When taken last thing at night.
• Why does the timing of aspirin matter for heart attacks?

  Heart attacks are likely early in the morning.
• What does research support regarding aspirin and heart attacks?

  Aspirin reduces blood platelet activity.
• What is a limitation of research into circadian rhythms regarding generalizations?

  Generalizations are difficult to make.
• What did Aschoff and Wever's studies reveal about sample sizes?

  They were based on very small samples.
• What did Charles Czeisler's research find about sleep/wake cycles?

  They vary from 13 to 65 hours.
• What are 'larks' and 'owls' in sleep preferences?

  'Larks' prefer early bedtimes; 'owls' prefer late.
• What did Siffre observe about his own sleep/wake cycle over time?

  It had slowed down since youth.
• What does the variability in sleep/wake cycles imply for research data?

  It limits discussions to averages only.