Lesson 9: Catholic challenge from abroad after RS 1559

• What was the nature of the Catholic challenge after the Religious Settlement in 1569?

  It was a threat from powerful Catholic countries.
• Why was Elizabeth concerned about Catholic countries in Europe?

  They could unite against her as Queen.
• Which country was ruled by the Pope in Rome?

  Italy
• Who was the monarch of Scotland during this period?

  Mary, Queen of Scots
• What was Mary, Queen of Scots' religious affiliation?

  She was a Catholic.
• What strong ties did Mary, Queen of Scots have?

  She had family links to Catholic France.
• Why was Elizabeth worried about France's involvement with Mary, Queen of Scots?

  France might support her claim to the throne.
• Which country was considered the most strictly Catholic in Europe?

  Spain
• What was Spain's status in terms of wealth during this period?

  Spain was the wealthiest country in Europe.
• Who was the leader of Spain during this time?

  King Philip II
• What proposal did King Philip II make to Elizabeth?

  He offered to marry her for alliances.
• What was Elizabeth's response to Philip II's marriage proposal?

  She refused his proposal.
• How did Spain's attitude change after the Religious Settlement?

  Spain began to oppose England.
• What conflict was occurring in France during this period?

  Fighting between Catholics and Protestants.
• What did Elizabeth promise regarding the French Protestants?

  She promised to help them.
• How did Philip II react to Elizabeth's support of French Protestants?

  He was angry at her support.
• What happened when Catholics came to power in France?

  They took land away from England.
• What port did France take from England?

  Calais
• How did the loss of Calais affect Elizabeth's image?

  It made her look weak and indecisive.
• What did the Pope want to achieve with the Counter Reformation?

  To remove Protestantism altogether.
• What did the Pope instruct Catholics in England to do?

  To avoid Church of England services.
• What term describes Catholics who refused to attend Church of England services?

  Recusants
• What significant action did the Pope take against Elizabeth in 1570?

  He excommunicated her.
• What did excommunication mean for Elizabeth?

  She was seen as an enemy to Catholics.
• Who controlled the Netherlands during this period?

  Catholic Spain
• What actions did Spain take against Dutch Protestants?

  They tortured and burned them alive.
• What happened in the Netherlands in 1566?

  Dutch Protestants rebelled against Spain.
• How did Spain respond to the Dutch rebellion?

  They sent 20,000 troops to suppress it.
• Who were the 'Sea Beggars'?

  Protestant Dutch rebels who fled to England.
• What decision did Elizabeth make regarding the Sea Beggars?

  She decided to take care of them.
• What did England do in 1568 regarding Spanish money?

  They took the Genoese Loan meant for Spain.
• Why was Elizabeth worried about the Spanish in the Netherlands?

  She feared their cruelty would spread to England.
• What was the status of Spain's control in the Netherlands by 1570?

  Spain's control was stronger.
• What was a potential consequence of Spain's strong control in the Netherlands?

  Spain could easily invade England.
• What are the key terms related to the Catholic challenge from abroad?

  • Mary, Queen of Scots
  • Philip II
  • Calais
  • Counter Reformation
  • Pope
  • Excommunicated
  • Recusant
  • Dutch
  • Rebellion
  • Duke of Alba
  • Sea Beggars
  • Genoese Loan
  • Netherlands
  • Tortured