Evidence of evolution

• What is the main topic of module 5 in grade 10 science?

  Evidences of evolution
• What is evolution?

  Change in inherited traits over generations
• What are the four evidences of evolution discussed?

  Fossil records, comparative anatomy, embryonic development, genetic information
• What are fossil records?

  Traces of organisms preserved by natural processes
• Where are fossils usually found?

  In sedimentary rocks
• What are the two main types of fossils focused on?

  Imprints and compressions
• What are imprints in fossil records?

  Shallow external molds with little organic material
• What are compressions in fossil records?

  Preserved tissues with more organic material
• How are the ages of fossils determined?

  Using relative dating and radioactive isotopes
• What do homologous structures indicate?

  Organisms evolved from common ancestors
• What is divergent evolution?

  Common ancestors adapt different traits
• What are analogous structures?

  Body parts with the same function but different origins
• What is convergent evolution?

  Different species evolve similar traits
• What are vestigial structures?

  Body parts that are useless remnants from ancestors
• What is embryonic development?

  Life cycle stage after fertilization
• What do similar embryos suggest?

  Support for the idea of common ancestors
• What role do small mutations play in evolution?

  They lead to the evolution of new species
• How many chromosomes do humans have?

  46 chromosomes
• What percentage of DNA do humans and chimpanzees share?

  98.8 percent
• What are the four evidences of evolution?

  • Fossil records
  • Comparative anatomy
  • Embryonic development
  • Genetic information
• What are the types of structures in comparative anatomy?

  1. Homologous structures
  2. Analogous structures
  3. Vestigial structures
• What are the differences between homologous and analogous structures?

  • Homologous: Same origin, different functions
  • Analogous: Different origins, same function
• What is the significance of embryonic development in evolution?

  • Similar embryos indicate common ancestry
  • Early stages show gill slits in various species
• How do genetic mutations contribute to evolution?

  • Small mutations can lead to new species
  • Changes in DNA affect traits over generations