diabetes mellitus

• What is Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) primarily characterised by?

  Hyperglycaemia due to insulin resistance and insulin deficiency
• What is the primary function of insulin in the body.

  To allow glucose to enter the cells
• Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for T2DM?

  Physical inactivity
• Which of the following is a potential complication of T2DM?

  Diabetic retinopathy
• What is the HbA1c threshold for diagnosing diabetes?

  6.5% or higher
• What is the recommended first-line management strategy for T2DM?

  Lifestyle modifications
• Which of the following is a serious complication of diabetes that affects the kidneys?

  Diabetic nephropathy
• Where is insulin most commonly injected for effective absorption?

  Abdomen
• Which of the following is NOT a symptom of T2DM?

  unexplained weight gain
• which of the following tests provides an average blood sugar level over the past 2-3 months?

  HbA1c test
• What is insulin resistance?

  Insulin resistance is a condition in which cells in the body become less responsive to the effects of insulin, resulting in elevated blood sugar levels.
• Which non-modifiable risk factor increase the likelihood of developing T2DM?

  Genetics
• Which of the following is the most commonly prescribed first-line medication T2DM?

  Metformin
• When is insulin therapy typically recommended for T2DM patients?

  When oral medications and lifestyle modifications are insufficient.
• Why do individuals with T2DM experience increased polydipsia?

  The blood loses excess fluid due to high blood glucose levels.