Ethical Issues

• What are the ethical issues in psychological research?

  • Informed consent
  • Deception
  • Protection from harm
  • Privacy and confidentiality
• What must participants be informed about in informed consent?

  The purpose and potential risks
• Why might researchers withhold information in informed consent?

  To avoid demand characteristics
• What is prior general consent?

  Consent for multiple studies including deception
• What is presumptive consent?

  Gathering opinions from a group without informing participants
• What is retrospective consent?

  Consent obtained after participation in the study
• What does deception in research involve?

  Withholding or misleading information from participants
• When is deception considered acceptable in research?

  When it does not cause distress or reveal aims
• What is debriefing in research?

  Informing participants about the true nature of the study
• What must participants be informed about during debriefing?

  True nature of the study and data usage
• What is the responsibility of researchers regarding participant harm?

  To protect participants from physical and psychological harm
• What should participants be reminded of during the study?

  They have the right to withdraw
• What should researchers provide if participants experience psychological harm?

  Counseling if required
• What is a Cost-Benefit Analysis in research ethics?

  Weighing pros and cons of a study
• What does the right of privacy refer to in research?

  Control over personal information release
• What is confidentiality in research?

  Protection of personal data from disclosure
• How can anonymity be maintained in research?

  By not recording personal details
• What should participants be reminded of regarding their data?

  That their data will be protected